1) During their 2004 convention, Democrats argued that
A) George W. Bushʹs tax cuts slashed the deficit.
B) George W. Bushʹs tax cuts benefited the wealthy.
C) Congress should enact a ban on late-term abortions.
D) the federal government should define marriage.
E) All of the above.
2) During their 2004 convention, Republicans highlighted
A) the success of George W. Bushʹs Supreme Court appointees.
B) the shrinking national debt.
C) the success of the war in Iraq.
D) the importance of strong social welfare policies.
E) All of the above.
3) Identify the following position from one of the major partyʹs 2004 platform: ʺ....economic
prosperity is essential to environmental progress. That belief is supported by compelling
historical evidence.ʺ
A) the Democratic position on economic development
B) the Republican position on economic development
C) the Democratic position on the environment
D) the Republican position on the environment
E) The Democratic position on the trade deficit
4) The office holders who organize themselves and pursue policy objectives under a party label
are referred to as the
A) organizational party.
B) campaign party.
C) governmental party.
D) objectives party.
E) political party.
5) What did George Washington say about political parties in his farewell address?
A) ʺDemocracy is unthinkable save in terms of parties.ʺ
B) ʺMy fellow Americans, I must warn you that the party is over.ʺ
C) ʺIt has become increasingly clear to me that the party has just begun! Long live
American political parties.ʺ
D) Washington begged his fellow countrymen to disband the Federalist Party and institute
the Whig Party.
E) Washington warned the nation against parties.
6) Party politics was nearly suspended during the
A) Roaring Twenties.
B) Era of Good Feelings.
C) Progressive Era.
D) Populist Era.
E) 1920s.
7) What does the Constitution say about political parties?
A) ʺElections shall be Mediated by exactly two Political Parties.ʺ
B) ʺCongress shall organize itself by Majority and Minority Party, in accordance with the
Results of the most recent Election.ʺ
C) ʺThe number of Political Parties shall not be limited, but no Party shall gain access to any
Ballot or Ticket without the receipt of five per cent of the Vote in the preceding Election.ʺ
D) ʺAs Democracy is unthinkable save in terms of Parties, the Right of the People to form
and keep Parties shall not be abridged.ʺ
E) The Constitution does not mention political parties.
8) In 1832, who was nominated in the first large national party nominating convention?
A) Henry Clay
B) Andrew Jackson
C) James Monroe
D) James Madison
E) John Adams
9) A party organization that recruits its members with tangible incentives such as jobs and is
characterized by a high degree of control over member activity is called a
A) mob. B) machine. C) patron. D) boss. E) patriarch.
10) 1874 to 1912 represents the
A) Responsible Party System.
B) Era of Good Feelings.
C) Age of Aquarius.
D) Christian Democratic Party Era.
E) Golden Age of parties.
Thursday, October 27, 2011
Monday, October 24, 2011
READING GUIDE FOR FEDERALIST #10
1. According to Madison, what conditions have historically plagued “popular governments?”
Instability, injustice, confusion.
2. Had the US effectively dealt with these conditions? Explain.
No. There have been “improvements” in the US, but there are “complaints” from “virtuous citizens” that the government is unstable, that the public good is disregarded, and that measures are decided by an “overbearing majority.”
3. Describe the two methods of removing the causes of factions.
1) Destroying liberty.
2) Giving every citizen the same opinions, passions and interests.
4. Describe Madison’s position on these two methods.
1) Destroying liberty is a remedy that is worse than the disease.
2) Giving every citizen the same opinions, passions and interests is impractical because of the natural diversity of people.
5. What is the most common cause of faction?
The unequal distribution of property, or wealth: property owners v. non-property owners, creditors v. debtors, landed wealth v. manufacturing wealth.
6. Is the “republican principle” more effective in controlling the effects of a minority faction or a majority faction? Explain.
It is more effective in controlling the effects of a minority faction because a simple majority vote will thwart the will of a minority. A majority faction, however, may sacrifice both the public good and the rights of citizens through its sheer voting power.
7. Is a republic or a pure democracy more suitable for controlling the effects of factions? List the differences that Madison cites between these two forms of government.
A republic is more suitable than a pure democracy.
1) A republic delegates the chores of government to a small number of elected citizens.
2) A republic includes a greater number of citizens and a larger geographical area.
8. What are the benefits when there is a “delegation of the government to a small number of citizens?”
Such a body may include citizens of wisdom, patriotism, and love of justice who better understand the true interest of their nation. The danger, however, is that men of “sinister designs” may be elected but then betray the public good.
9. Why is a large republic more likely to control the effects of a faction than a small republic?
The larger the number of citizens, the less likely it is that unworthy candidates can get away with the practice of their “vicious arts.”
A large territory would be more likely to have a large number of interests. With such a large number of interests, it is less likely that one interest could monopolize power.
Instability, injustice, confusion.
2. Had the US effectively dealt with these conditions? Explain.
No. There have been “improvements” in the US, but there are “complaints” from “virtuous citizens” that the government is unstable, that the public good is disregarded, and that measures are decided by an “overbearing majority.”
3. Describe the two methods of removing the causes of factions.
1) Destroying liberty.
2) Giving every citizen the same opinions, passions and interests.
4. Describe Madison’s position on these two methods.
1) Destroying liberty is a remedy that is worse than the disease.
2) Giving every citizen the same opinions, passions and interests is impractical because of the natural diversity of people.
5. What is the most common cause of faction?
The unequal distribution of property, or wealth: property owners v. non-property owners, creditors v. debtors, landed wealth v. manufacturing wealth.
6. Is the “republican principle” more effective in controlling the effects of a minority faction or a majority faction? Explain.
It is more effective in controlling the effects of a minority faction because a simple majority vote will thwart the will of a minority. A majority faction, however, may sacrifice both the public good and the rights of citizens through its sheer voting power.
7. Is a republic or a pure democracy more suitable for controlling the effects of factions? List the differences that Madison cites between these two forms of government.
A republic is more suitable than a pure democracy.
1) A republic delegates the chores of government to a small number of elected citizens.
2) A republic includes a greater number of citizens and a larger geographical area.
8. What are the benefits when there is a “delegation of the government to a small number of citizens?”
Such a body may include citizens of wisdom, patriotism, and love of justice who better understand the true interest of their nation. The danger, however, is that men of “sinister designs” may be elected but then betray the public good.
9. Why is a large republic more likely to control the effects of a faction than a small republic?
The larger the number of citizens, the less likely it is that unworthy candidates can get away with the practice of their “vicious arts.”
A large territory would be more likely to have a large number of interests. With such a large number of interests, it is less likely that one interest could monopolize power.
READING GUIDE FOR FEDERALIST #51
1. What is essential to the “preservation of liberty?” How should this “be so constituted?”
Each department should have a will of its own. Each department should be politically independent of the others, i.e. each should have as little agency as possible in the appointment of the others.
2. Explain the following: “A dependence upon the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions.”
Elections are important to resist tyranny, but they are not enough. Other measures are needed. Madison goes on to describe the roles of separation of powers, checks and balances, and federalism in this regard throughout the balance of this essay.
3. In a republican government, which branch is the strongest? Identify three ways of “remedying this inconveniency.”
The legislature.
1. Dividing Congress.
2. Giving the two houses of Congress two different means of election,
3. Fortifying the executive, e.g. with a veto
4. List two ways in which the federal system of the US “places that system in a very interesting point of view,” i.e. protects against tyranny.
1) In the “compound republic” of the US, power is divided between two distinct levels of government, i.e. state governments and the national government, and then each level in turn subdivides itself; hence a “double security.”
2) The multiplicity of interests within the US will make it unlikely that tyranny will develop. In a small republic, there is a greater chance that a majority faction will develop and oppress the people. In a large republic, there is less chance that this will occur simply because the nation is so vast and because there are so many interests present.
*** Make sure that you know the role of the following “auxiliary precautions” in guarding against tyranny:
• Separation of powers
• Checks and balances
• Federalism
Each department should have a will of its own. Each department should be politically independent of the others, i.e. each should have as little agency as possible in the appointment of the others.
2. Explain the following: “A dependence upon the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions.”
Elections are important to resist tyranny, but they are not enough. Other measures are needed. Madison goes on to describe the roles of separation of powers, checks and balances, and federalism in this regard throughout the balance of this essay.
3. In a republican government, which branch is the strongest? Identify three ways of “remedying this inconveniency.”
The legislature.
1. Dividing Congress.
2. Giving the two houses of Congress two different means of election,
3. Fortifying the executive, e.g. with a veto
4. List two ways in which the federal system of the US “places that system in a very interesting point of view,” i.e. protects against tyranny.
1) In the “compound republic” of the US, power is divided between two distinct levels of government, i.e. state governments and the national government, and then each level in turn subdivides itself; hence a “double security.”
2) The multiplicity of interests within the US will make it unlikely that tyranny will develop. In a small republic, there is a greater chance that a majority faction will develop and oppress the people. In a large republic, there is less chance that this will occur simply because the nation is so vast and because there are so many interests present.
*** Make sure that you know the role of the following “auxiliary precautions” in guarding against tyranny:
• Separation of powers
• Checks and balances
• Federalism
Tuesday, October 18, 2011
Out Sick Today and Tomorrow!!!
Class,
So sorry but I am pretty sick with a bronchial infection that will have me out definitely tomorrow. Hopefully I'll be back on Thursday. You will have the same Sub. Hope that's okay.
You guys will work on your flashcards for the first 15-20 minutes, then you will work on your Pew Study Notes for Unit 3-with a partner if desire. Sorry to be away from you. See you hopefully Thursday!
Mr. B.
So sorry but I am pretty sick with a bronchial infection that will have me out definitely tomorrow. Hopefully I'll be back on Thursday. You will have the same Sub. Hope that's okay.
You guys will work on your flashcards for the first 15-20 minutes, then you will work on your Pew Study Notes for Unit 3-with a partner if desire. Sorry to be away from you. See you hopefully Thursday!
Mr. B.
Thursday, October 13, 2011
Chapter 16.4 Pages 604 to 611
1) In 1995, Congress passed lobbying reform that focuses on
A) disclosure requirements.
B) prohibiting lobbying by former members of Congress.
C) prohibiting lobbying on behalf of issues that are the subjects of pending legislation.
D) limiting the amount of money that can be spent for lobbying.
E) reducing the influence of the Federalist Society.
2) Which of the following is a provision of the Ethics in Government Act?
A) Former members of Congress are prohibited from becoming lobbyists.
B) Former executive branch employees can not become lobbyists on any matter before their
former agency for one year.
C) Federal judges can not accept education junkets from interest groups.
D) Current members of Congress can not lobby other members of Congress.
E) Former members of Congress are prohibited from eating in the Capitol dining rooms if
they have become lobbyists.
3) In recent years, EMILYʹs List has helped to elect
A) Republican women.
B) pro-choice women.
C) Log Cabin Republicans.
D) George W. Bush and other prominent Republicans.
E) members of labor unions.
4) Most interest group members are
A) policy entrepreneurs.
B) patrons.
C) actively involved in group activities.
D) dues-paying members who do not participate in other ways.
E) leaders.
5) Those who join interest groups tend to
A) have higher levels of income and education.
B) be blue-collar workers.
C) be members of a labor union.
D) be deeply involved in the groups activities and meetings.
E) limit their membership to the one group they care most strongly about.
6) What is a collective good?
A) something of value that cannot be withheld from a nonmember
B) something of value that only goes to dues-paying members
C) something that improves society
D) something an interest group might offer its members to avoid the free rider problem
E) something that promotes economic growth
7) The free rider problem is
A) an incentive to join an interest group.
B) a disincentive to join an interest group.
C) the ability of group members to join aligned groups at discounted rates.
D) the tendency for citizens to belong to more than one group.
E) the tendency for group members to pay dues but not otherwise participate in other
group activities.
8) Why does the American Automobile Association offer roadside assistance to its members?
A) because it is required by law to provide roadside assistance
B) because it is a collective good
C) because it is a material benefit that can help overcome the free rider problem
D) because a patron donated a lot of money on the condition that roadside assistance be
given ʺto all stranded motoristsʺ
E) because interest groups are prohibited from giving donations to political campaigns
9) George Soros is a
A) patron to progressive organizations.
B) patron to libertarian organizations.
C) patron to conservative organizations.
D) rank-and-file member of MoveOn.org.
E) rank-and-file member of the Christian Coalition.
10) Some people argue that government should not impose regulations on interest group activities
because
A) there is an upper-class bias in interest group activity.
B) doing so may stifle political speech.
C) the First Amendment applies to individuals and not to groups.
D) citizens have the right to know how and in what capacity an interest group is acting.
E) the government needs to ensure that different groups have an equal ability to influence
government.
A) disclosure requirements.
B) prohibiting lobbying by former members of Congress.
C) prohibiting lobbying on behalf of issues that are the subjects of pending legislation.
D) limiting the amount of money that can be spent for lobbying.
E) reducing the influence of the Federalist Society.
2) Which of the following is a provision of the Ethics in Government Act?
A) Former members of Congress are prohibited from becoming lobbyists.
B) Former executive branch employees can not become lobbyists on any matter before their
former agency for one year.
C) Federal judges can not accept education junkets from interest groups.
D) Current members of Congress can not lobby other members of Congress.
E) Former members of Congress are prohibited from eating in the Capitol dining rooms if
they have become lobbyists.
3) In recent years, EMILYʹs List has helped to elect
A) Republican women.
B) pro-choice women.
C) Log Cabin Republicans.
D) George W. Bush and other prominent Republicans.
E) members of labor unions.
4) Most interest group members are
A) policy entrepreneurs.
B) patrons.
C) actively involved in group activities.
D) dues-paying members who do not participate in other ways.
E) leaders.
5) Those who join interest groups tend to
A) have higher levels of income and education.
B) be blue-collar workers.
C) be members of a labor union.
D) be deeply involved in the groups activities and meetings.
E) limit their membership to the one group they care most strongly about.
6) What is a collective good?
A) something of value that cannot be withheld from a nonmember
B) something of value that only goes to dues-paying members
C) something that improves society
D) something an interest group might offer its members to avoid the free rider problem
E) something that promotes economic growth
7) The free rider problem is
A) an incentive to join an interest group.
B) a disincentive to join an interest group.
C) the ability of group members to join aligned groups at discounted rates.
D) the tendency for citizens to belong to more than one group.
E) the tendency for group members to pay dues but not otherwise participate in other
group activities.
8) Why does the American Automobile Association offer roadside assistance to its members?
A) because it is required by law to provide roadside assistance
B) because it is a collective good
C) because it is a material benefit that can help overcome the free rider problem
D) because a patron donated a lot of money on the condition that roadside assistance be
given ʺto all stranded motoristsʺ
E) because interest groups are prohibited from giving donations to political campaigns
9) George Soros is a
A) patron to progressive organizations.
B) patron to libertarian organizations.
C) patron to conservative organizations.
D) rank-and-file member of MoveOn.org.
E) rank-and-file member of the Christian Coalition.
10) Some people argue that government should not impose regulations on interest group activities
because
A) there is an upper-class bias in interest group activity.
B) doing so may stifle political speech.
C) the First Amendment applies to individuals and not to groups.
D) citizens have the right to know how and in what capacity an interest group is acting.
E) the government needs to ensure that different groups have an equal ability to influence
government.
Wednesday, October 12, 2011
Chapter 16.3 Pages 594 to 602
1) The percentage of the work force in labor unions was highest in
A) 1900 B) 1924 C) 1950 D) 1986 E) 2005
2) The activities of a group or organization that seeks to influence legislation and persuade
political leaders to support a groupʹs positions is called
A) realpolitik.
B) patronage.
C) lobbying.
D) gentrification.
E) ʺpolitics by other means.ʺ
3) Interest groups tend to focus most of their efforts on
A) getting out the vote.
B) rating candidates or officeholders and creating voter guides.
C) endorsing candidates.
D) lobbying.
E) direct mail solicitations.
4) Which of the following lobbying techniques are interest groups most likely to engage in?
A) running advertisements
B) endorsing candidates
C) contacting government officials
D) engaging in protests
E) doing favors for officials who need assistance
5) President George W. Bushʹs Presidentʹs Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) emphasizes
A) condom use.
B) vaccinations.
C) abstinence.
D) circumcision.
E) whatever tools AIDS prevention groups determine are most effective.
6) Many of the most effective lobbyists are
A) former members of Congress.
B) purveyors of false or misleading information.
C) current White House or Cabinet officers.
D) socially awkward.
E) uninformed about the issues for which they lobby.
7) Lobbyists tend to concentrate their efforts on
A) the judicial branch.
B) the president.
C) representatives who share their policy preferences.
D) representatives who do not share their policy preferences and therefore need to be
persuaded.
E) members of the House of Representatives who are not up for reelection for at least four
years.
8) Interest groups lobby the federal courts through
A) direct payments to judges and justices in exchange for favorable decisions.
B) contributions to judgesʹ and justicesʹ pensions.
C) contributions to judgesʹ and justicesʹ reelection committee.
D) sponsoring lawsuits and filing briefs.
E) All of the above.
9) Why did Antonin Scalia miss the swearing in of Chief Justice John Roberts?
A) Scalia was protesting Robertsʹ moderate policy preferences.
B) Scalia boycotted the event in protest for being passed over the Chief Justice nomination.
C) Scalia was in Colorado golfing and attending a legal conference paid for by the Federalist
Society.
D) One member of the Supreme Court must miss the swearing-in ceremony in case there is
a tragedy that takes the lives of the other justices.
E) Scalia was busy lobbying members of Congress to pass the ban on late-term abortions.
10) What is grassroots lobbying?
A) interest group activity aimed at getting citizens to contact their representatives
B) lobbying efforts aimed at those who can influence public officials, such as the major
contributors to their campaigns
C) lobbying efforts aimed at increasing agricultural subsidies
D) attempting to influence public policies by providing expensive gifts or junkets to
members of Congress
E) lobbying efforts aimed at maintaining the status quo
A) 1900 B) 1924 C) 1950 D) 1986 E) 2005
2) The activities of a group or organization that seeks to influence legislation and persuade
political leaders to support a groupʹs positions is called
A) realpolitik.
B) patronage.
C) lobbying.
D) gentrification.
E) ʺpolitics by other means.ʺ
3) Interest groups tend to focus most of their efforts on
A) getting out the vote.
B) rating candidates or officeholders and creating voter guides.
C) endorsing candidates.
D) lobbying.
E) direct mail solicitations.
4) Which of the following lobbying techniques are interest groups most likely to engage in?
A) running advertisements
B) endorsing candidates
C) contacting government officials
D) engaging in protests
E) doing favors for officials who need assistance
5) President George W. Bushʹs Presidentʹs Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) emphasizes
A) condom use.
B) vaccinations.
C) abstinence.
D) circumcision.
E) whatever tools AIDS prevention groups determine are most effective.
6) Many of the most effective lobbyists are
A) former members of Congress.
B) purveyors of false or misleading information.
C) current White House or Cabinet officers.
D) socially awkward.
E) uninformed about the issues for which they lobby.
7) Lobbyists tend to concentrate their efforts on
A) the judicial branch.
B) the president.
C) representatives who share their policy preferences.
D) representatives who do not share their policy preferences and therefore need to be
persuaded.
E) members of the House of Representatives who are not up for reelection for at least four
years.
8) Interest groups lobby the federal courts through
A) direct payments to judges and justices in exchange for favorable decisions.
B) contributions to judgesʹ and justicesʹ pensions.
C) contributions to judgesʹ and justicesʹ reelection committee.
D) sponsoring lawsuits and filing briefs.
E) All of the above.
9) Why did Antonin Scalia miss the swearing in of Chief Justice John Roberts?
A) Scalia was protesting Robertsʹ moderate policy preferences.
B) Scalia boycotted the event in protest for being passed over the Chief Justice nomination.
C) Scalia was in Colorado golfing and attending a legal conference paid for by the Federalist
Society.
D) One member of the Supreme Court must miss the swearing-in ceremony in case there is
a tragedy that takes the lives of the other justices.
E) Scalia was busy lobbying members of Congress to pass the ban on late-term abortions.
10) What is grassroots lobbying?
A) interest group activity aimed at getting citizens to contact their representatives
B) lobbying efforts aimed at those who can influence public officials, such as the major
contributors to their campaigns
C) lobbying efforts aimed at increasing agricultural subsidies
D) attempting to influence public policies by providing expensive gifts or junkets to
members of Congress
E) lobbying efforts aimed at maintaining the status quo
Tuesday, October 11, 2011
Chapter 16.2 Pages 585 to 592
1) Which of the following is a single-issue group?
A) MoveOn.org
B) AARP
C) U.S. Chamber of Commerce
D) National Rifle Association
E) NAACP
2) The right of citizens to form groups and to petition the government for changes in public
policies is protected by
A) the First Amendment.
B) the interest group clause.
C) the supremacy clause.
D) the interstate commerce clause.
E) the takings clause.
3) What did the Clayton Act do?
A) It allowed labor unions to form and guaranteed their right to strike.
B) It established open shop laws.
C) It granted vast swaths of land to the Central Pacific Railroad.
D) It allowed Standard Oil to drill on publicly owned land in Pennsylvania.
E) It required interest groups to share their membership lists with the government.
4) All of the following groups formed or reenergized during the 1960s or the 1970s EXCEPT
A) the American Civil Liberties Union.
B) the NAACP.
C) the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund.
D) Common Cause.
E) the Christian Coalition.
5) During the 1960s and 1970s, what kinds of interest groups were most successful?
A) public interest and civil rights groups
B) conservative and Republican interest groups
C) religious and social conservative interest groups
D) gay and lesbian interest groups
E) faith-based and community imitative groups
6) Which new interest group helped elect Ronald Reagan?
A) Focus on the Family
B) the Moral Majority
C) Unsafe at Any Speed
D) Onward Christian Soldiers
E) Public Citizen, Inc.
7) Which of the following interest groups was the most instrumental in electing Republican
members of Congress in 1994 and in electing George W. Bush?
A) the National Electric Light Association
B) the 700 Club
C) the Christian Coalition
D) Common Cause
E) the National Association of Manufacturers
8) Who founded the Christian Coalition?
A) Ted Haggard
B) Jerry Falwell
C) Pat Robertson
D) James Dobson
E) Jimmy Swaggart
9) What is a voter guide?
A) instructions on how to use voting technology distributed by local election boards
B) summaries of candidatesʹ issue positions distributed by interest groups
C) lists of candidates officially endorsed by interest groups
D) descriptions of the job experiences of candidates distributed by public interest groups
E) calendars distributed by interest groups that contain the dates of upcoming elections
10) Which interest group has been successful under the George W. Bush administration and has
been described as ʺa fraternity of powerful and prestigious business leaders that tells
ʹbusinessʹs side of the storyʹ to legislators, bureaucrats, White House personnel, and other
interested public officials.ʺ
A) A Rising Tide Lifts All Boats
B) the Council for Economic Growth
C) the National Association of Manufacturers
D) the Chamber of Commerce
E) the Business Roundtable
A) MoveOn.org
B) AARP
C) U.S. Chamber of Commerce
D) National Rifle Association
E) NAACP
2) The right of citizens to form groups and to petition the government for changes in public
policies is protected by
A) the First Amendment.
B) the interest group clause.
C) the supremacy clause.
D) the interstate commerce clause.
E) the takings clause.
3) What did the Clayton Act do?
A) It allowed labor unions to form and guaranteed their right to strike.
B) It established open shop laws.
C) It granted vast swaths of land to the Central Pacific Railroad.
D) It allowed Standard Oil to drill on publicly owned land in Pennsylvania.
E) It required interest groups to share their membership lists with the government.
4) All of the following groups formed or reenergized during the 1960s or the 1970s EXCEPT
A) the American Civil Liberties Union.
B) the NAACP.
C) the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund.
D) Common Cause.
E) the Christian Coalition.
5) During the 1960s and 1970s, what kinds of interest groups were most successful?
A) public interest and civil rights groups
B) conservative and Republican interest groups
C) religious and social conservative interest groups
D) gay and lesbian interest groups
E) faith-based and community imitative groups
6) Which new interest group helped elect Ronald Reagan?
A) Focus on the Family
B) the Moral Majority
C) Unsafe at Any Speed
D) Onward Christian Soldiers
E) Public Citizen, Inc.
7) Which of the following interest groups was the most instrumental in electing Republican
members of Congress in 1994 and in electing George W. Bush?
A) the National Electric Light Association
B) the 700 Club
C) the Christian Coalition
D) Common Cause
E) the National Association of Manufacturers
8) Who founded the Christian Coalition?
A) Ted Haggard
B) Jerry Falwell
C) Pat Robertson
D) James Dobson
E) Jimmy Swaggart
9) What is a voter guide?
A) instructions on how to use voting technology distributed by local election boards
B) summaries of candidatesʹ issue positions distributed by interest groups
C) lists of candidates officially endorsed by interest groups
D) descriptions of the job experiences of candidates distributed by public interest groups
E) calendars distributed by interest groups that contain the dates of upcoming elections
10) Which interest group has been successful under the George W. Bush administration and has
been described as ʺa fraternity of powerful and prestigious business leaders that tells
ʹbusinessʹs side of the storyʹ to legislators, bureaucrats, White House personnel, and other
interested public officials.ʺ
A) A Rising Tide Lifts All Boats
B) the Council for Economic Growth
C) the National Association of Manufacturers
D) the Chamber of Commerce
E) the Business Roundtable
Monday, October 10, 2011
2003 Federalism FRQ-Model Student Response
The federal and state governments in American rely on more than just the governor or the president to perform their executive duties. Millions of employees work in America to perform the duties of government has to fulfill. From the public school teacher to the state psychiatrist from the prison guard to the FBI agent men and women are placed under the government budget.
Since 1945, two trends have appeared. The first is that the number of state and local employees has increased steadily at a rate of approximately half a million a year. The second is that the number of federal government employees has not increased, but instead remained rather constant. If anything, the number of federal employees has decreased. Though it is true under the Clinton administration the trend in state and local employee numbers was reversed, the state and local employees are still much more numerous now than they were 55 years ago. Since 1945, state and local and federal employees were approximately equal in number. What this trend means is that state and local employees now outnumber federal employees at a rate approximately equal to three to one.
This intense increase in state and local employees has occurred because the federal government in this period began imposing more federal mandates. These are things that the federal government requires the state or local governments to do without giving them funds with which to do it. This meant more state and local employees had to be hired to perform the service necessary to fulfill the mandate. Block grants also increased during this period. These are grants given to the state governments by the federal government with few strings attached. With this money the state could also hire more employees.
The trends in the employment in our government exist not because our federal government is not doing anything, but instead because it is delegating responsibilities to the lower governments. The government now has more things it does than ever before and it is because of this one sees such as rise in state employees.
Since 1945, two trends have appeared. The first is that the number of state and local employees has increased steadily at a rate of approximately half a million a year. The second is that the number of federal government employees has not increased, but instead remained rather constant. If anything, the number of federal employees has decreased. Though it is true under the Clinton administration the trend in state and local employee numbers was reversed, the state and local employees are still much more numerous now than they were 55 years ago. Since 1945, state and local and federal employees were approximately equal in number. What this trend means is that state and local employees now outnumber federal employees at a rate approximately equal to three to one.
This intense increase in state and local employees has occurred because the federal government in this period began imposing more federal mandates. These are things that the federal government requires the state or local governments to do without giving them funds with which to do it. This meant more state and local employees had to be hired to perform the service necessary to fulfill the mandate. Block grants also increased during this period. These are grants given to the state governments by the federal government with few strings attached. With this money the state could also hire more employees.
The trends in the employment in our government exist not because our federal government is not doing anything, but instead because it is delegating responsibilities to the lower governments. The government now has more things it does than ever before and it is because of this one sees such as rise in state employees.
Chapter 16.1 Pages 582 to 585
1) Who was the D.C. lobbyist who pled guiltily to conspiracy, fraud, and tax evasion in 2006?
A) Tom DeLay
B) Robert Ney
C) Conrad Burns
D) Jack Abramoff
E) Robert Putnam
2) After paying for a lobbyist, Treasure Island, Florida received a $50 million appropriation in the
federal budget. This is called
A) casework.
B) logrolling.
C) constituency service.
D) an earmark.
E) a frank.
3) Involvement in community groups and activities
A) enhances social capital.
B) fosters self-reliance.
C) hinders resolution of collective action problems.
D) enhances the Protestant work ethic.
E) hinders economic and political development.
4) To which of the following groups are contemporary citizens most likely to belong?
A) bowling leagues
B) Elks Club
C) League of Women Voters
D) Lions Club
E) community associations
5) According to disturbance theory, why do interest groups form?
A) to serve the public good
B) to promote the well being of civil servants
C) to counteract the effects of other groups
D) to bother government
E) to bolster the economy
6) What kind of interest group focuses its attention on achieving collective goods?
A) public interest groups
B) economic interest groups
C) trade association groups
D) governmental units
E) political action committees
7) Common Cause, peace groups, environmental organizations, and other such groups are
examples of ________ interest groups.
A) social capital
B) civic virtue
C) public
D) economic
E) libertarian
8) A labor union is an example of a
A) public interest group.
B) economic interest group.
C) trade association group.
D) governmental unit.
E) political action committee.
9) Governmental units typically lobby for
A) political action committees.
B) trade associations.
C) foreign aid.
D) PETA.
E) earmarks.
10) Corporations can contribute money to political campaigns by forming
A) EIDs.
B) PACs.
C) 528 groups.
D) subsidiaries.
E) caucuses.
A) Tom DeLay
B) Robert Ney
C) Conrad Burns
D) Jack Abramoff
E) Robert Putnam
2) After paying for a lobbyist, Treasure Island, Florida received a $50 million appropriation in the
federal budget. This is called
A) casework.
B) logrolling.
C) constituency service.
D) an earmark.
E) a frank.
3) Involvement in community groups and activities
A) enhances social capital.
B) fosters self-reliance.
C) hinders resolution of collective action problems.
D) enhances the Protestant work ethic.
E) hinders economic and political development.
4) To which of the following groups are contemporary citizens most likely to belong?
A) bowling leagues
B) Elks Club
C) League of Women Voters
D) Lions Club
E) community associations
5) According to disturbance theory, why do interest groups form?
A) to serve the public good
B) to promote the well being of civil servants
C) to counteract the effects of other groups
D) to bother government
E) to bolster the economy
6) What kind of interest group focuses its attention on achieving collective goods?
A) public interest groups
B) economic interest groups
C) trade association groups
D) governmental units
E) political action committees
7) Common Cause, peace groups, environmental organizations, and other such groups are
examples of ________ interest groups.
A) social capital
B) civic virtue
C) public
D) economic
E) libertarian
8) A labor union is an example of a
A) public interest group.
B) economic interest group.
C) trade association group.
D) governmental unit.
E) political action committee.
9) Governmental units typically lobby for
A) political action committees.
B) trade associations.
C) foreign aid.
D) PETA.
E) earmarks.
10) Corporations can contribute money to political campaigns by forming
A) EIDs.
B) PACs.
C) 528 groups.
D) subsidiaries.
E) caucuses.
Wednesday, October 5, 2011
2007 FRQ on Federalism
The framers of the United States Constitution created a federal system.
(a) Define federalism.
(b) Select two of the following and explain how each has been used to increase the power of the federal government relative to the states.
• Categorical grants
• Federal mandates
• Selective incorporation
(c) Select two of the following and explain how each has been used to increase the power of the states relative to the federal government.
• Welfare Reform Act of 1996
• Block grants
• Tenth Amendment
2007 FRQ on Federalism
A1. Federalism is defined as the Constitutional division between national and state government in the United States. Each level of government is protected by its own constitution.
B1. Categorical grants have been used to increase the power of the federal government relative to the states. This is accomplished by the federal government providing grants to states for specific purposes often in exchange for “strings attached.” Often federal categorical grants for highway funds have included provisions such as states adapting a universal standard for their drivers being legally drunk (.08). If states refuse to comply with an order, then the federal funding can be revoked.
B2. Federal mandates have been used to increase the power of the federal government relative to the states. Unfunded mandates are laws that the federal government establishes for the country that are not subsidized. The Americans with Disabilities Act is an unfunded federal mandate for which all states must be in compliance. States must follow the law (by providing accommodations for disabled persons) or risk legal action. The federal government when passing the law did not provide any money for states to make the necessary legal adoptions.
C1. Block grants have been used to increase the power of the state government relative to the federal government. Block grants were a part of the “devolution revolution” that Republicans hoped to accomplish in the early 1980’s. Block grants are chunks of money given to states by the federal government with few or no strings attached. The states are given wide discretion on how they can use the money.
C2. The Tenth Amendment has been used to increase the power of the state government relative to the federal government. This amendment states that all powers not provided in the Constitution for the national government are “reserved” for the states respectively. The Tenth Amendment has been invoked as a States’ Rights constitutional protection. Many innovations created at the state level are protected under the Tenth Amendment. Gambling in Nevada is an example. Nevada created this revenue raising innovation that other states have adopted.
(a) Define federalism.
(b) Select two of the following and explain how each has been used to increase the power of the federal government relative to the states.
• Categorical grants
• Federal mandates
• Selective incorporation
(c) Select two of the following and explain how each has been used to increase the power of the states relative to the federal government.
• Welfare Reform Act of 1996
• Block grants
• Tenth Amendment
2007 FRQ on Federalism
A1. Federalism is defined as the Constitutional division between national and state government in the United States. Each level of government is protected by its own constitution.
B1. Categorical grants have been used to increase the power of the federal government relative to the states. This is accomplished by the federal government providing grants to states for specific purposes often in exchange for “strings attached.” Often federal categorical grants for highway funds have included provisions such as states adapting a universal standard for their drivers being legally drunk (.08). If states refuse to comply with an order, then the federal funding can be revoked.
B2. Federal mandates have been used to increase the power of the federal government relative to the states. Unfunded mandates are laws that the federal government establishes for the country that are not subsidized. The Americans with Disabilities Act is an unfunded federal mandate for which all states must be in compliance. States must follow the law (by providing accommodations for disabled persons) or risk legal action. The federal government when passing the law did not provide any money for states to make the necessary legal adoptions.
C1. Block grants have been used to increase the power of the state government relative to the federal government. Block grants were a part of the “devolution revolution” that Republicans hoped to accomplish in the early 1980’s. Block grants are chunks of money given to states by the federal government with few or no strings attached. The states are given wide discretion on how they can use the money.
C2. The Tenth Amendment has been used to increase the power of the state government relative to the federal government. This amendment states that all powers not provided in the Constitution for the national government are “reserved” for the states respectively. The Tenth Amendment has been invoked as a States’ Rights constitutional protection. Many innovations created at the state level are protected under the Tenth Amendment. Gambling in Nevada is an example. Nevada created this revenue raising innovation that other states have adopted.
Monday, October 3, 2011
Sunday, October 2, 2011
This Upcoming Week
Class,
By all indications, we will be having our Unit 2 exam this Friday. Additionally, you will have Constitutional Underpinning vocab quizzes on Tuesday and Wednesday in lieu of Sabato. Now is probably a good time to review your flashcards. The assignment packet which was on the board on Friday will also be coming due by this Thursday. So, before quarter grades, there will be quite a few entries that may have an impact on your current grade...
By all indications, we will be having our Unit 2 exam this Friday. Additionally, you will have Constitutional Underpinning vocab quizzes on Tuesday and Wednesday in lieu of Sabato. Now is probably a good time to review your flashcards. The assignment packet which was on the board on Friday will also be coming due by this Thursday. So, before quarter grades, there will be quite a few entries that may have an impact on your current grade...
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