Sunday, March 24, 2013
Sabato 6.1-Civil Rights Pages 197 to 201
1) Which of the following best describes the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice?
A) It is not subject to political influences.
B) Evidence points to considerable politicization of the division.
C) It is constitutionally prohibited from enforcing the Voting Rights Act.
D) It is constitutionally prohibited from enforcing the Civil Rights Act.
E) It has recently beefed up prosecutions for race and gender discrimination.
2) Where does the Constitution discuss equality?
A) the Preamble
B) Article I, section 8
C) the First Amendment
D) the Tenth Amendment
E) the Fourteenth Amendment
3) Why did northern senators initially oppose adding Missouri to the union?
A) Missouri had fought along side the Confederacy during the Civil War.
B) Missouri would be a slave state.
C) Missouri would be a free state.
D) The Missouri Constitution did not include civil liberties protections.
E) Adding Missouri would violate a treaty the United States had signed with various Indian
tribes.
4) What was the purpose of the Missouri Compromise?
A) to prohibit the expansion of slavery into any new states admitted to the union
B) to maintain the current balance of slave and free states
C) to quell civil unrest resulting from Shaysʹs Rebellion
D) to guarantee women the right to vote while denying the right to vote to slaves
E) to enhance the civil rights of noncitizens
5) Abolitionists worked towards
A) ending slavery.
B) abolishing suffrage limits for women.
C) guaranteeing the continued existence of slavery in any new state added to the union.
D) the emancipation of women.
E) repealing the Civil War Amendments.
6) What was the primary agenda at the Seneca Falls Convention?
A) abolition of slavery
B) guaranteeing the continued existence of slavery
C) abolition of womenʹs suffrage
D) equal rights for men and women
E) promotion of de jure discrimination
7) What was Uncle Tomʹs Cabin about?
A) the need for westward expansion
B) manifest destiny
C) womenʹs rights
D) school bussing
E) slavery
8) In Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
A) slaves were U.S. citizens.
B) slavery was prohibited north of a set geographical boundary.
C) the Missouri compromise was unconstitutional.
D) women were U.S. citizens but did not have the right to vote.
E) women were not U.S. citizens and, therefore, did not have the right to vote.
9) The Emancipation Proclamation
A) freed all slaves.
B) freed all slaves in the North.
C) freed all slaves in the Confederacy.
D) limited the ownership of slaves in the North.
E) limited the ownership of slaves in the territories.
10) Slavery was banned by the ________ Amendment.
A) Twelfth
B) Thirteenth
C) Fourteenth
D) Fifteenth
E) Nineteenth
A) It is not subject to political influences.
B) Evidence points to considerable politicization of the division.
C) It is constitutionally prohibited from enforcing the Voting Rights Act.
D) It is constitutionally prohibited from enforcing the Civil Rights Act.
E) It has recently beefed up prosecutions for race and gender discrimination.
2) Where does the Constitution discuss equality?
A) the Preamble
B) Article I, section 8
C) the First Amendment
D) the Tenth Amendment
E) the Fourteenth Amendment
3) Why did northern senators initially oppose adding Missouri to the union?
A) Missouri had fought along side the Confederacy during the Civil War.
B) Missouri would be a slave state.
C) Missouri would be a free state.
D) The Missouri Constitution did not include civil liberties protections.
E) Adding Missouri would violate a treaty the United States had signed with various Indian
tribes.
4) What was the purpose of the Missouri Compromise?
A) to prohibit the expansion of slavery into any new states admitted to the union
B) to maintain the current balance of slave and free states
C) to quell civil unrest resulting from Shaysʹs Rebellion
D) to guarantee women the right to vote while denying the right to vote to slaves
E) to enhance the civil rights of noncitizens
5) Abolitionists worked towards
A) ending slavery.
B) abolishing suffrage limits for women.
C) guaranteeing the continued existence of slavery in any new state added to the union.
D) the emancipation of women.
E) repealing the Civil War Amendments.
6) What was the primary agenda at the Seneca Falls Convention?
A) abolition of slavery
B) guaranteeing the continued existence of slavery
C) abolition of womenʹs suffrage
D) equal rights for men and women
E) promotion of de jure discrimination
7) What was Uncle Tomʹs Cabin about?
A) the need for westward expansion
B) manifest destiny
C) womenʹs rights
D) school bussing
E) slavery
8) In Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
A) slaves were U.S. citizens.
B) slavery was prohibited north of a set geographical boundary.
C) the Missouri compromise was unconstitutional.
D) women were U.S. citizens but did not have the right to vote.
E) women were not U.S. citizens and, therefore, did not have the right to vote.
9) The Emancipation Proclamation
A) freed all slaves.
B) freed all slaves in the North.
C) freed all slaves in the Confederacy.
D) limited the ownership of slaves in the North.
E) limited the ownership of slaves in the territories.
10) Slavery was banned by the ________ Amendment.
A) Twelfth
B) Thirteenth
C) Fourteenth
D) Fifteenth
E) Nineteenth
6.2 Pages 201 to 208
1) What were Black Codes?
A) laws passed in northern states to guarantee rights to newly freed blacks
B) laws passed in southern states that denied legal rights to newly freed slaves
C) restrictions placed on the right of newly freed slaves to own property in the North
D) Supreme Court decisions that mandated separate but equal facilities for newly freed
slaves
E) unsuccessful attempts by northern states to recruit newly freed blacks to work in
northern factories
2) The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments are collectively known as the
A) civil liberties amendments.
B) Bill of Rights.
C) Natural Law Legislation.
D) Civil War Amendments.
E) Bill of Liberties.
3) What was the original purpose of the Fourteenth Amendment?
A) to guarantee citizenship to newly freed slaves
B) to ensure that the state governments abided by the Bill of Rights
C) to reward the South for its efforts during Reconstruction
D) to deny the right to vote to former slaves
E) to protect the interests of slave-holding northerners
4) Laws enacted by southern states that resulted in segregation by race were also known as
A) Jim Crow laws.
B) Black Codes.
C) grandfather clauses.
D) freedmen statutes.
E) sharecropper statutes.
5) In the Civil Rights Cases (1883), the Supreme Court determined that
A) the national government can discriminate on the basis of race.
B) state governments can discriminate on the basis of race.
C) private citizens can discriminate on the basis of race.
D) all forms of discrimination based on race are unconstitutional.
E) all forms of discrimination are unconstitutional.
6) Which of the following best summaries the reaction in the South to the Fifteenth Amendment?
A) Southern states complied with both the letter and the spirit of the amendment.
B) Southern states used Jim Crow laws to enforce racial integration.
C) Southern states engaged in a massive get-out-the-vote effort among former slaves.
D) Southern states decided that it would be better to close all public schools than to admit
black students to otherwise white schools.
E) Southern states found creative ways to avoid enfranchising blacks, such as literacy tests
and grandfather clauses.
7) In ________, the Supreme Court found that segregated rail transportation was constitutional
because separate but equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the
Fourteenth Amendment.
A) the Civil Rights cases
B) the Slaughterhouse cases
C) Plessy v. Ferguson
D) Bradwell v. Illinois
E) Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg School District
8) In the years after the Supreme Courtʹs decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, public accommodations in
the South were largely
A) segregated and equal.
B) segregated and unequal.
C) integrated and equal.
D) integrated and unequal.
E) separate and equal.
9) Womenʹs suffrage was guaranteed by the ________ Amendment.
A) Fourteenth
B) Fifteenth
C) Nineteenth
D) Twenty-first
E) Twenty-second
10) What sort of strategy did the NAACP pursue in its efforts to ensure equality for African
Americans by overturning Jim Crow laws and Plessy v. Ferguson?
A) a legislation strategy at the local level
B) a legislation strategy at the state level
C) a litigation strategy at the state level
D) a legislation strategy at the federal level
E) a litigation strategy at the federal level
A) laws passed in northern states to guarantee rights to newly freed blacks
B) laws passed in southern states that denied legal rights to newly freed slaves
C) restrictions placed on the right of newly freed slaves to own property in the North
D) Supreme Court decisions that mandated separate but equal facilities for newly freed
slaves
E) unsuccessful attempts by northern states to recruit newly freed blacks to work in
northern factories
2) The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments are collectively known as the
A) civil liberties amendments.
B) Bill of Rights.
C) Natural Law Legislation.
D) Civil War Amendments.
E) Bill of Liberties.
3) What was the original purpose of the Fourteenth Amendment?
A) to guarantee citizenship to newly freed slaves
B) to ensure that the state governments abided by the Bill of Rights
C) to reward the South for its efforts during Reconstruction
D) to deny the right to vote to former slaves
E) to protect the interests of slave-holding northerners
4) Laws enacted by southern states that resulted in segregation by race were also known as
A) Jim Crow laws.
B) Black Codes.
C) grandfather clauses.
D) freedmen statutes.
E) sharecropper statutes.
5) In the Civil Rights Cases (1883), the Supreme Court determined that
A) the national government can discriminate on the basis of race.
B) state governments can discriminate on the basis of race.
C) private citizens can discriminate on the basis of race.
D) all forms of discrimination based on race are unconstitutional.
E) all forms of discrimination are unconstitutional.
6) Which of the following best summaries the reaction in the South to the Fifteenth Amendment?
A) Southern states complied with both the letter and the spirit of the amendment.
B) Southern states used Jim Crow laws to enforce racial integration.
C) Southern states engaged in a massive get-out-the-vote effort among former slaves.
D) Southern states decided that it would be better to close all public schools than to admit
black students to otherwise white schools.
E) Southern states found creative ways to avoid enfranchising blacks, such as literacy tests
and grandfather clauses.
7) In ________, the Supreme Court found that segregated rail transportation was constitutional
because separate but equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the
Fourteenth Amendment.
A) the Civil Rights cases
B) the Slaughterhouse cases
C) Plessy v. Ferguson
D) Bradwell v. Illinois
E) Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg School District
8) In the years after the Supreme Courtʹs decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, public accommodations in
the South were largely
A) segregated and equal.
B) segregated and unequal.
C) integrated and equal.
D) integrated and unequal.
E) separate and equal.
9) Womenʹs suffrage was guaranteed by the ________ Amendment.
A) Fourteenth
B) Fifteenth
C) Nineteenth
D) Twenty-first
E) Twenty-second
10) What sort of strategy did the NAACP pursue in its efforts to ensure equality for African
Americans by overturning Jim Crow laws and Plessy v. Ferguson?
A) a legislation strategy at the local level
B) a legislation strategy at the state level
C) a litigation strategy at the state level
D) a legislation strategy at the federal level
E) a litigation strategy at the federal level
Chapter 6.3 Pages 208 to 213
1) The NAACPʹs first target in its efforts to overturn Jim Crow laws and Plessy v. Ferguson was
segregation in
A) restaurants.
B) vocational schools.
C) professional and graduate schools.
D) transportation.
E) the workforce.
2) American citizens who are members of which of the following groups are not currently
guaranteed the right to vote?
A) the physically disabled
B) Hispanics
C) twenty-year-olds
D) convicted felons
E) Everyone listed above is constitutionally guaranteed the right to vote.
3) The 1954 Supreme Court decision that overturned Plessy was
A) the Sweatt case.
B) Missouri v. Gaines.
C) McLaurin v. Oklahoma.
D) Brown v. Board of Education.
E) Cooper v. Aaron.
4) In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court determined that
A) schools must ensure a racial mix equal to that of the surrounding community.
B) the doctrine of ʺseparate but equalʺ has no place in public education.
C) Curt Muller could attend the University of Oklahoma and sit in the classroom with the
rest of the students.
D) school bussing is patently unconstitutional.
E) African American children could attend any school they wanted to.
5) What was the immediate response of the South to the Supreme Courtʹs decision in Brown v.
Board of Education?
A) The South immediately complied with the spirit of the Court decision because they were
eager to put the whole affair behind them.
B) The South erupted in jubilation due to their victory at the Supreme Court.
C) The South reluctantly complied with the Courtʹs mandate, although they complained
about it relentlessly.
D) The South did everything within its power to avoid implementing the Courtʹs decision.
E) The South complied with both the letter and the spirit of the Supreme Courtʹs decision.
6) In 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott began with the intent of ending segregation on public
transport. Who acted as a catalyst for the boycott by refusing to give up her seat on the bus to
a white passenger?
A) Rosa Parks
B) Linda Brown
C) W.E.B. DuBois
D) Susan B. Anthony
E) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
7) What was the new strategy for expanding African-American civil rights that was first
employed in the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
A) legislation
B) litigation
C) nonviolent protest
D) civil unrest
E) extraordinary renditions
8) Who was a leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the head of the Montgomery
Improvement Association?
A) Martin Luther King, Jr.
B) Seneca Falls
C) Rosa Parks
D) Linda Brown
E) Malcolm X
9) Attempts to focus attention on segregated bus facilities in the South were known as
A) sit-ins.
B) love-fests.
C) tickets to ride.
D) the Equality Express.
E) freedom rides.
10) In August 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. led a huge march on Washington that culminated in
A) the arrest of thousands of marchers by the D.C. police.
B) the brutal beatings of African Americans by D.C. residents.
C) Kingʹs ʺI Have a Dreamʺ speech.
D) the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
E) wide scale rioting in black neighborhoods around the country.
segregation in
A) restaurants.
B) vocational schools.
C) professional and graduate schools.
D) transportation.
E) the workforce.
2) American citizens who are members of which of the following groups are not currently
guaranteed the right to vote?
A) the physically disabled
B) Hispanics
C) twenty-year-olds
D) convicted felons
E) Everyone listed above is constitutionally guaranteed the right to vote.
3) The 1954 Supreme Court decision that overturned Plessy was
A) the Sweatt case.
B) Missouri v. Gaines.
C) McLaurin v. Oklahoma.
D) Brown v. Board of Education.
E) Cooper v. Aaron.
4) In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court determined that
A) schools must ensure a racial mix equal to that of the surrounding community.
B) the doctrine of ʺseparate but equalʺ has no place in public education.
C) Curt Muller could attend the University of Oklahoma and sit in the classroom with the
rest of the students.
D) school bussing is patently unconstitutional.
E) African American children could attend any school they wanted to.
5) What was the immediate response of the South to the Supreme Courtʹs decision in Brown v.
Board of Education?
A) The South immediately complied with the spirit of the Court decision because they were
eager to put the whole affair behind them.
B) The South erupted in jubilation due to their victory at the Supreme Court.
C) The South reluctantly complied with the Courtʹs mandate, although they complained
about it relentlessly.
D) The South did everything within its power to avoid implementing the Courtʹs decision.
E) The South complied with both the letter and the spirit of the Supreme Courtʹs decision.
6) In 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott began with the intent of ending segregation on public
transport. Who acted as a catalyst for the boycott by refusing to give up her seat on the bus to
a white passenger?
A) Rosa Parks
B) Linda Brown
C) W.E.B. DuBois
D) Susan B. Anthony
E) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
7) What was the new strategy for expanding African-American civil rights that was first
employed in the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
A) legislation
B) litigation
C) nonviolent protest
D) civil unrest
E) extraordinary renditions
8) Who was a leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the head of the Montgomery
Improvement Association?
A) Martin Luther King, Jr.
B) Seneca Falls
C) Rosa Parks
D) Linda Brown
E) Malcolm X
9) Attempts to focus attention on segregated bus facilities in the South were known as
A) sit-ins.
B) love-fests.
C) tickets to ride.
D) the Equality Express.
E) freedom rides.
10) In August 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. led a huge march on Washington that culminated in
A) the arrest of thousands of marchers by the D.C. police.
B) the brutal beatings of African Americans by D.C. residents.
C) Kingʹs ʺI Have a Dreamʺ speech.
D) the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
E) wide scale rioting in black neighborhoods around the country.
Chapter 6.4 Pages 214 to 224
1) Following the assassination of President Kennedy, what was President Lyndon B. Johnsonʹs
legislative priority?
A) civil rights reform
B) restoring Jim Crow laws
C) pacifying the demands of the South
D) equal rights for the disabled
E) equal rights for military veterans
2) The objective of Brown v. Board of Education was to create equal educational opportunity. In
which of the following ways are current educational opportunities unequal?
A) Fewer funds are allocated to substandard school districts.
B) White students are less likely to attend substandard schools than African-American
students.
C) A disproportionate number of white students take advanced placement classes.
D) School funding varies considerably from state to state.
E) All of the above.
3) The Civil Rights Act of 1964
A) prohibited discrimination in public accommodations engaged in interstate commerce.
B) guaranteed full voting rights to all legal U.S. residents.
C) provided federal funds to discriminatory state and local programs.
D) prohibited employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
E) All of the above.
4) One decade after Brown v. Board of Education, what percent of African American children in the
South attended integrated schools?
A) fewer than 1 percent B) about 25 percent
C) about 50 percent D) nearly 100 percent
5) Racial discrimination that results from practice rather than law is called ________
discrimination.
A) de jure
B) de facto
C) in vino veritas
D) direct
E) practical
6) Where is one most likely to find de facto discrimination?
A) in local ordinances
B) in state laws
C) in federal laws
D) in Supreme Court decisions
E) in residential neighborhoods
7) When was the Equal Rights Amendment added to the Constitution?
A) 1908
B) 1936
C) 1972
D) 1982
E) The Equal Rights Amendment was not ratified by enough states and did not become part
of the Constitution.
8) What standard does the Supreme Court use to determine whether classification by sexual
orientation violates the equal protection clause?
A) strict scrutiny
B) heightened standard
C) intermediate standard
D) minimum rationality standard
E) fundamental freedom standard
9) What does Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 prohibit?
A) discrimination on the basis of height
B) discrimination on the basis of weight
C) discrimination against noncitizens
D) discrimination against female students
E) discrimination against gay and lesbian students
10) The primary purpose of which of the following groups is to lobby and litigate on behalf of
Hispanic Americans?
A) NAACP
B) MALDEF
C) Korematsu
D) NOW
E) ACLU
legislative priority?
A) civil rights reform
B) restoring Jim Crow laws
C) pacifying the demands of the South
D) equal rights for the disabled
E) equal rights for military veterans
2) The objective of Brown v. Board of Education was to create equal educational opportunity. In
which of the following ways are current educational opportunities unequal?
A) Fewer funds are allocated to substandard school districts.
B) White students are less likely to attend substandard schools than African-American
students.
C) A disproportionate number of white students take advanced placement classes.
D) School funding varies considerably from state to state.
E) All of the above.
3) The Civil Rights Act of 1964
A) prohibited discrimination in public accommodations engaged in interstate commerce.
B) guaranteed full voting rights to all legal U.S. residents.
C) provided federal funds to discriminatory state and local programs.
D) prohibited employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
E) All of the above.
4) One decade after Brown v. Board of Education, what percent of African American children in the
South attended integrated schools?
A) fewer than 1 percent B) about 25 percent
C) about 50 percent D) nearly 100 percent
5) Racial discrimination that results from practice rather than law is called ________
discrimination.
A) de jure
B) de facto
C) in vino veritas
D) direct
E) practical
6) Where is one most likely to find de facto discrimination?
A) in local ordinances
B) in state laws
C) in federal laws
D) in Supreme Court decisions
E) in residential neighborhoods
7) When was the Equal Rights Amendment added to the Constitution?
A) 1908
B) 1936
C) 1972
D) 1982
E) The Equal Rights Amendment was not ratified by enough states and did not become part
of the Constitution.
8) What standard does the Supreme Court use to determine whether classification by sexual
orientation violates the equal protection clause?
A) strict scrutiny
B) heightened standard
C) intermediate standard
D) minimum rationality standard
E) fundamental freedom standard
9) What does Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 prohibit?
A) discrimination on the basis of height
B) discrimination on the basis of weight
C) discrimination against noncitizens
D) discrimination against female students
E) discrimination against gay and lesbian students
10) The primary purpose of which of the following groups is to lobby and litigate on behalf of
Hispanic Americans?
A) NAACP
B) MALDEF
C) Korematsu
D) NOW
E) ACLU
Chapter 6.5 Pages 227 to 233
1) Why are Indian tribes permitted to run casinos?
A) to compensate for decades of discrimination
B) because gambling has a long tradition in Native American customs
C) because tribal lands are not subject to state and federal laws
D) because many Native Americans live in poverty
E) because Native Americans are not American Citizens
2) Which of the following best describes Indian trust funds operated by the Department of the
Interior?
A) These funds have been a boon to Native Americans and have enabled them to open up
several highly profitable casinos.
B) The Department of the Interior has grossly mismanaged these funds.
C) Native Americans have systematically refused to accept these funds, arguing that they
are ʺblood money.ʺ
D) The trust funds collect money from Native Americans in exchange for using federal
lands.
E) The trust funds have dried up in recent years, as Congress has been unwilling to
appropriate the money necessary for their continued existence.
3) Which of the following groups has been the least successful in pursuing their civil rights
claims?
A) African Americans
B) Hispanics
C) women
D) disabled Americans
E) gays and lesbians
4) What does the Americans with Disabilities Act require?
A) workplace accommodations for disabled Americans
B) generous government stipends for all disabled Americans
C) at least 5 percent of all state legislative seats must be held by disabled Americans
D) at least 5 percent of all congressional seats must be held by disabled Americans
E) All of the above.
5) Which of the following accurately represents American public opinion about affirmative
action?
A) African Americans are more likely to believe that university admissions should be based
solely on merit than are Hispanics.
B) About half of all Americans favor affirmative action, but about two-thirds of all
Americans think that university admissions should be based solely on merit.
C) A majority of non-Hispanic whites favors affirmative action.
D) Nearly three-quarters of non-Hispanic whites think that university admissions should
take into account race and ethnicity.
E) Most Americans favor affirmative action, both in general and for university admissions.
6) Which of the following best summarizes the current Supreme Court decisions regarding
affirmative action?
A) Affirmative action is seldom permissible.
B) Affirmative action is only permissible if it uses a quota or point system.
C) Affirmative action is unconstitutional because the Constitution requires that all laws are
colorblind.
D) Affirmative action serves a legitimate state purpose as long as there is racial inequality in
the United States.
E) Some racial preferences are acceptable, but race or ethnicity can not be the defining
factor.
A) to compensate for decades of discrimination
B) because gambling has a long tradition in Native American customs
C) because tribal lands are not subject to state and federal laws
D) because many Native Americans live in poverty
E) because Native Americans are not American Citizens
2) Which of the following best describes Indian trust funds operated by the Department of the
Interior?
A) These funds have been a boon to Native Americans and have enabled them to open up
several highly profitable casinos.
B) The Department of the Interior has grossly mismanaged these funds.
C) Native Americans have systematically refused to accept these funds, arguing that they
are ʺblood money.ʺ
D) The trust funds collect money from Native Americans in exchange for using federal
lands.
E) The trust funds have dried up in recent years, as Congress has been unwilling to
appropriate the money necessary for their continued existence.
3) Which of the following groups has been the least successful in pursuing their civil rights
claims?
A) African Americans
B) Hispanics
C) women
D) disabled Americans
E) gays and lesbians
4) What does the Americans with Disabilities Act require?
A) workplace accommodations for disabled Americans
B) generous government stipends for all disabled Americans
C) at least 5 percent of all state legislative seats must be held by disabled Americans
D) at least 5 percent of all congressional seats must be held by disabled Americans
E) All of the above.
5) Which of the following accurately represents American public opinion about affirmative
action?
A) African Americans are more likely to believe that university admissions should be based
solely on merit than are Hispanics.
B) About half of all Americans favor affirmative action, but about two-thirds of all
Americans think that university admissions should be based solely on merit.
C) A majority of non-Hispanic whites favors affirmative action.
D) Nearly three-quarters of non-Hispanic whites think that university admissions should
take into account race and ethnicity.
E) Most Americans favor affirmative action, both in general and for university admissions.
6) Which of the following best summarizes the current Supreme Court decisions regarding
affirmative action?
A) Affirmative action is seldom permissible.
B) Affirmative action is only permissible if it uses a quota or point system.
C) Affirmative action is unconstitutional because the Constitution requires that all laws are
colorblind.
D) Affirmative action serves a legitimate state purpose as long as there is racial inequality in
the United States.
E) Some racial preferences are acceptable, but race or ethnicity can not be the defining
factor.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)