15.3 Pages 564 to 568

1) What did the Supreme Court decide in New York Times Co. v. U. S.?
A) Journalists can be prosecuted for divulging classified information.
B) The government can not censor the press.
C) The New York Times could not publish the Pentagon Papers because they were classified.
D) The New York Times could not publish the Pentagon Papers because they were stolen.
E) The president has ʺinherent powerʺ to halt the publication of news that may harm the
morale of American soldiers.

2) What innovation did the George W. Bush administration establish regarding media coverage
of the 2003 invasion of Iraq?
A) The media could only report on the military action using pre-stationed remote field
cameras.
B) All media coverage of Iraq would need to be delayed for one week to allow the military
to notify the next of kin.
C) Journalists were permitted to embed themselves with various parts of the military.
D) The Bush administration limited news coverage by requiring reporters to conduct
interviews in Arabic.
E) The Bush administration limited news coverage by refusing to transport journalists into
combat areas.

3) Which of the following is most likely to be delivered in person by an officeholder?
A) a press release
B) a press briefing
C) a press conference
D) talking points
E) bad news

4) Information that is provided to a reporter on deep background
A) can only appear in the second half of a story.
B) can only appear in the part of the article that is continued on a later page.
C) can not be released to the public unless the reporter learns the same information from
another source.
D) can not be released to the public under any circumstances.
E) can be used but can not be attributed to the source in any way.

5) Why was New York Times reporter Judith Miller jailed for eighty-five days?
A) She divulged off the record information.
B) She divulged the source of information she had obtained on background.
C) She refused to reveal her source during the investigation into a leak that exposed a CIA
agent.
D) She leaked secret government information.
E) She embarrassed the White House by uncovering pictures of prisoner abuse at Abu
Ghraib.

6) A 2004 60 Minutes story claimed to provide evidence that George W. Bush had received
preferential treatment in the National Guard. What happened after this story ran?
A) Dan Rather received a Pulitzer Prize for investigative journalism.
B) George W. Bush apologized for ʺbeing derelict in my duties to my country.ʺ
C) Conservative bloggers uncovered problems with story and the producer was fired.
D) The producer of the story was attacked by an overzealous Bush supporter.
E) George W. Bush was dishonorably discharged from the military and required to repay
thousands of dollars in salary that he had collected under false pretenses.

7) Why was Lewis ʺScooterʺ Libby indicted in 2005?
A) for leaking classified information to the press
B) for misleading investigators searching for the source of a leak revealing the identity of a
CIA agent
C) for misleading Congress about stockpiles of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction
D) for hindering prosecution of enemy combatants held at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba
E) for falsely implying that confidential information had been stolen from his office


8) In New York Times v. Sullivan, the Supreme Court
A) made it easier to prove libel.
B) prohibited prior restraint of the press.
C) required public officials to prove actual malice to win a libel suit.
D) determined that the New York Times had printed libelous falsehoods against Lyndon
Johnson.
E) declared that a sitting president can not be sued until after his tenure in office is finished.

9) Which president held the fewest press conferences?
A) Franklin Roosevelt
B) Harry Truman
C) John F Kennedy
D) Ronald Reagan
E) George W. Bush

10) The bulk of the media coverage focuses on
A) the president
B) the speaker of the House
C) the Senate majority leader
D) the Chief Justice of the United States
E) the bureaucracy

15.2 Pages 553 to 563

1) People who use the Internet for news tend
A) not to subscribe to newspapers.
B) to disregard traditional media sources.
C) to be highly informed voters who use the Web to update their information.
D) to have blue collar jobs.
E) to be Republicans.

2) Which of the following accurately describes al-Jazeera?
A) It is modeled after CNN.
B) It is uniformly praised throughout the Middle East.
C) It mainly provides entertainment programs.
D) Most of its news is simply government propaganda.
E) All of the above.

3) Which of the following newspapers has the least influence over what stories are covered by
the television news media?
A) the Wall Street Journal
B) USA Today
C) Washington Post
D) New York Times
E) Houston Chronicle

4) Which of the following is a wire service that distributes stories to newspapers around the
world?
A) the New York Times
B) the Christian Science Monitor
C) al-Jazeera
D) the Associated Press
E) the BBC

5) Which of the following trends accurately describes the media in the United States?
A) The number of towns with competing local newspapers has increased.
B) Television networks are increasingly breaking with their parent companies to become
independent.
C) Newspapers are being bought by local governments to ensure that news coverage is
driven by journalist standards instead of corporate profits.
D) Media consolidation has increased in recent years.
E) Americans are consuming more political news than ever before.

6) What is narrowcasting?
A) the tendency of the media to frame political events using well-established stereotypes
B) the tendency for the media to focus on domestic events rather than international events
C) the increasing reliance of the media on political pundits
D) the targeting of media programs at specific segments of the population
E) political coverage that is superficial

7) Republican viewersʹ main source of campaign news is
A) Fox News
B) CNN
C) MSNBC
D) the Daily Show
E) NPR

8) How does narrowcasting further polarize public opinion?
A) Viewers tend to watch news that reinforces their preexisting views.
B) Narrowcasting focuses on government corruption and political misdeeds.
C) Viewers are exposed to a range of information covering divergent views.
D) Narrowcasting encourages voters to reject the status quo and to support change.
E) Narrowcasting has resulted in fewer news outlets and, therefore, less diverse political
coverage.


9) Why are the broadcast media more strictly regulated than the print media?
A) The broadcast media has a long history of political malfeasance.
B) The broadcast media leases public airwaves.
C) The airwaves are an unlimited resource, but there can only be one newspaper in a city.
D) Children are exposed to television but donʹt have access to newspapers.
E) The broadcast media is more dangerous because pictures are more powerful than words.

(10) The equal time rule requires that the electronic media
A) cover both liberal and conservative positions on a given issue.
B) cover both Democratic and Republican positions on a given issue.
C) sell advertising time to all candidates if they sell it to any candidate.
D) include all presidential candidates in any political debates they host.
E) devote the same coverage to domestic and to international events.

15.1 Pages 545 to 553

Class,

Didn't make this reading assignment today. Please read this tonite!

1) Which of the following events did NOT cause a public relations problem for the George W.
Bush administration?
A) Bush landing on the USS Abraham Lincoln under a ʺMission Accomplishedʺ banner
B) images of prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib
C) pictures from New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina
D) payments to Iraqi reporters to write pro-U.S. stories
E) the pardon of Marc Rich for campaign finance violations

2) Which of the following was true regarding the penny press?
A) Newspapers typically cost about 10 cents.
B) They attempted to attract more readers by being nonpartisan.
C) They focused on serious news and avoided publishing political scandals.
D) They were owned and operated by political parties.
E) They were tools used by political machines to reward their supporters and punish their
detractors.

3) Which of the following was a hallmark of yellow journalism?
A) sensationalized reporting
B) high journalistic standards
C) anti-immigrant editorials
D) long and complex feature stories
E) the partisan press

4) Which of the following places the various journalistic periods in the correct chronological
order?
A) muckraking, yellow journalism, the penny press, the partisan press
B) the partisan press, yellow journalism, the penny press, muckraking
C) yellow journalism, the penny press, muckraking, the partisan press
D) the penny press, muckraking, the partisan press, yellow journalism
E) the partisan press, the penny press, yellow journalism, muckraking

5) A form of newspaper publishing during the early twentieth century concerned with reforming
government and business conduct is called
A) the penny press.
B) yellow journalism.
C) muckraking.
D) partisan journalism.
E) pack journalism.

6) Among the publishers who promoted yellow journalism was
A) William Randolph Hearst.
B) James G. Blaine.
C) Upton Sinclair.
D) William Roper.
E) David Sanger.

7) Which president most effectively used the radio to promote his public policies?
A) Calvin Coolidge
B) Franklin Roosevelt
C) Dwight Eisenhower
D) Lyndon Johnson
E) Richard Nixon

8) Which of the following accurately describes AM talk radio?
A) It is popular among liberals.
B) It is popular among minorities.
C) It has a strong conservative bent.
D) It has become more popular than television for getting political news.
E) It presents in-depth news coverage in a nonideological format.

9) Americans are most likely to get their news from
A) newspapers.
B) television.
C) radio.
D) news magazines.
E) the Internet.

10) When compared to older Americans, young Americans are more likely to get their campaign
news from
A) talk radio and C-SPAN.
B) NPR and MSNBC.
C) the Internet and comedy television.
D) newspapers and newsmagazines.
E) Nightline and 60 Minutes.

12.2 True/False Questions

1) The 2004 Democratic and Republican Party platforms were nearly identical.

2) George Washington was the founder of the American political party system.

3) The American two-party system was established by the Constitution.

4) The Era of Good Feelings occurred during James Monroeʹs presidency.

5) By the 1820s, most states used popular elections to select their members of the Electoral
College.

6) Political machines were Republican Party organizations that organized rural voters by offering
many intangible incentives to be loyal to the party.

7) Political machines contributed to high voter turnout.

8) The Progressive movement weakened political parties and ushered in candidate-centered
politics.

9) A secular realignment occurred in the South in the 1990s, with traditionally Republican
Southerners gradually aligning with the Democratic Party.

10) The Republican Party has been very successful in its get-out-the-vote efforts.

11) Europeans are much more likely than Americans to believe that government should help in
providing children with food, clothes, and housing.

12) Party affiliation provides a useful cue for voters when evaluating political events and issues.

13) Very few of the items in the winning partyʹs platform are ever implemented.

14) Winner-take-all systems make it difficult for third parties to win legislative seats.

15) A third party candidate has never been elected to the U.S. Congress.

16) Third parties that are built around a single issue or a charismatic candidate are unlikely to
attain long-term viability.

17) Party chairpersons do a substantial amount of the planning for presidential nominating
conventions.

18) Contemporary national nominating conventions are choreographed to project the best image
to the American people.

19) Think tanks are comprised of intellectuals who study public policies from an academic
perspective and have no interest in influencing political debates or outcomes.

20) Republicans have dominated the world of think tanks.

21) Soft money played a crucial role in the 2006 midterm elections, helping Democrats regain
control of both chambers of Congress for the first time since 1994.

22) Republicans have consistently raised more hard money than Democrats.

23) Democrats trail behind Republicans in most measures of party activity.

24) The Democratic National Committee is chaired by Howard Dean, who has emphasized
grassroots organization and fund-raising.

25) In Congress, party-based voting has increased considerably in recent years.

26) In Congress, both the Democratic Party and the Republican Party have become increasingly
ideologically homogeneous.

27) George W. Bush has dedicated considerable energy to building the Republican Party in the
electorate and in the government.

28) Most federal judicial appointees come from the presidentʹs party.

29) During Bill Clintonʹs presidency, congressional Republicans blocked Clintonʹs judicial
appointees. During George W. Bushʹs presidency, congressional Democrats blocked Bushʹs
judicial appointees.

30) Following the 2006 elections, Republicans held a majority of state legislatures.

31) Restrictive ballot laws, campaign finance rules, and the inertia of a two-party system have
made it difficult for third parties to become viable.

32) Most Americans perceive the middle class to be fairly narrow and restrictive.

33) One reason for the gender gap is the lack of support for the Democratic Party among men.

34) Americans with advanced degrees are more likely to be Democrats than Republicans.

35) Although Hispanics have traditionally supported the Democratic Party, they began voting en
masse for the Republican Party starting with the 2000 presidential election.

36) One reason older voters tend to support the Democratic Party is its traditional support for
Social Security and Medicare.

37) While the party in the electorate has declined in recent years, the party in government and the
party organizations are stronger than ever.

Sabato 12.4 Pages 441-53

1) Party discipline is enforced through
A) educing congressional salaries.
B) committee appointments.
C) competitive elections.
D) loyalty oaths.
E) soft money donations.

2) Which of the following has contributed to increased congressional party unity?
A) increasing ideological heterogeneity
B) the increasing conservativeness of southern Democrats
C) partisan gerrymandering
D) divided government
E) earmarks

3) Party-oriented presidents have included
A) Eisenhower.
B) Johnson.
C) Nixon.
D) Carter.
E) Reagan.

4) The number of self-declared independents has
A) increased to about 40 percent of the population.
B) increased to about 10 percent of the population.
C) declined by fifty percent in the last decade.
D) declined by twenty-five percent in the last decade.
E) stayed constant since 1990.

5) Which of the following is a ʺred stateʺ?
A) New York
B) Oregon
C) California
D) Massachusetts
E) Alaska

6) Members of which of the following groups are most likely to be Democrats?
A) the working class
B) the wealthy
C) men
D) middle-aged Americans
E) Asians

7) Which of the following best describes the partisanship of Hispanics?
A) The Republican Party has successfully wooed large numbers of Hispanic voters.
B) The number of Democratic Hispanics is about equal to the number of Republican
Hispanics.
C) Hispanics used to be mostly Democrats, but they have recently become mostly
Republicans.
D) Hispanics used to be mostly Republicans, but they have recently become mostly
Democrats.
E) Although George W. Bush has tried to attract Hispanics to the Republican Party,
Hispanic Democrats outnumber Hispanic Republicans by three to one.

8) Which of the following helps explain why middle-aged voters lean towards the Republican
Party?
A) They are anticipating retirement and the need for income security from the government.
B) They are anticipating retirement and the need for medical care from the government.
C) They are at the height of their careers and their earnings potentials.
D) They remember how hard it was to struggle to pay for college.
E) They can relate to todayʹs youth.

9) Todayʹs young voters are most likely to be
A) Republican.
B) Green.
C) Democratic.
D) Libertarian.
E) Communist.

10) Which cohort of young voters was most likely to support the Republican Party?
A) those who grew up with peacenik parents of the 1960s
B) those who grew up in the 1970s
C) those who grew up during Ronald Reaganʹs tenure in office
D) those who grew up in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks
E) those who grew up during Watergate

Sabato 12.3 Pages 434-440

1) Who ran under the Reform Party?
A) Ross Perot
B) Jesse Ventura
C) Pat Buchanan
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

2) What is the most important function of national party chair?
A) to draft the platform
B) to raise money
C) to recruit candidates
D) to organize workshops for party volunteers
E) to distribute patronage

3) Every four years the parties nominate a presidential candidate through a
A) party platform.
B) smoke-filled-room procedure.
C) national convention.
D) conference committee.
E) national nominating committee.

4) The smallest unit of the party organization is
A) the county.
B) the district.
C) the region.
D) the state.
E) the precinct.

5) Organizations created to circumvent the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act that can receive
unlimited campaign donations are called
A) cluster clucks.
B) money grinders.
C) BCRAnaires.
D) dolezzas.
E) 527 groups.

6) Think tanks influence
A) party positions.
B) campaign funding.
C) congressional reformation.
D) social capital.
E) secular realignments.

7) Which of the following think tanks is more scholarly and less partisan?
A) the American Enterprise Institute
B) the Heritage Foundation
C) the Cato Institute
D) the Brookings Institution
E) the Open Society Institute

8) Which of the following was virtually unregulated?
A) soft money
B) hard money
C) campaign contributions to a political party
D) campaign contributions to a candidate
E) campaign contributions to a political action committee

9) Which of the following most accurately describes fundraising in the 2006 midterm elections?
A) Democrats raised nearly $100 million more than Republicans raised.
B) Republicans raised nearly $100 million more than Democrats raised.
C) Democrats and Republicans raised nearly equal amounts of money.
D) Democrats raised about half as much money as Republicans raised.
E) Republicans raised more money than the Democrats because Republicans accepted soft
money while Democrats did not.

10) Howard Dean revolutionized the use of
A) the plum book for rewarding patronage.
B) the Internet for raising campaign money.
C) the ʺMain Streetʺ Internet site.
D) soft money.
E) EMILYʹs List.

Sabato 12.2 Pages 226-33

1) Who ran a political machine?
A) William Tweed
B) Andrew Jackson
C) John Fre´mont
D) Barry Goldwater
E) Peter Wright

2) In a direct primary system, who selects party candidates?
A) political machines
B) party bosses
C) qualified voters
D) party conventions
E) party leaders

3) Progressives embraced
A) civil service laws.
B) political machines.
C) patronage.
D) strong political parties.
E) party conventions.

4) Civil service laws require
A) compulsory voting.
B) compulsory education through the tenth grade.
C) patronage.
D) appointment based on merit.
E) ticket splitting.

5) The decline in political parties brought about by the Progressive era reforms has led to
A) party machines.
B) candidate-centered politics.
C) party realignment.
D) secular realignment.
E) logrolling.

6) A shifting of party coalition groupings in the electorate that remains in place for several
elections is known as
A) punctuated misalignment.
B) an electoral tsunami.
C) ticket splitting.
D) party realignment.
E) a coalitional government.

7) Which of the following was a critical election?
A) James Polk in 1844
B) Franklin Pierce in 1852
C) Grover Cleveland in 1884
D) Franklin Roosevelt in 1932
E) Dwight Eisenhower in 1952

8) Where can one find proportional representation?
A) in the Senate
B) in the presidency
C) in Europe
D) in the California legislature
E) in the Nebraska legislature

9) Congressional elections use a
A) winner-take-all system.
B) proportional representation system.
C) instant runoff system.
D) party machine system.
E) platform party system.

10) Who ran under the Bull Moose Party?
A) George Wallace
B) Ross Perot
C) Theodore Roosevelt
D) Oliver North
E) Bernie Sanders