1) The percentage of the work force in labor unions was highest in
A) 1900 B) 1924 C) 1950 D) 1986 E) 2005
2) The activities of a group or organization that seeks to influence legislation and persuade
political leaders to support a groupʹs positions is called
A) realpolitik.
B) patronage.
C) lobbying.
D) gentrification.
E) ʺpolitics by other means.ʺ
3) Interest groups tend to focus most of their efforts on
A) getting out the vote.
B) rating candidates or officeholders and creating voter guides.
C) endorsing candidates.
D) lobbying.
E) direct mail solicitations.
4) Which of the following lobbying techniques are interest groups most likely to engage in?
A) running advertisements
B) endorsing candidates
C) contacting government officials
D) engaging in protests
E) doing favors for officials who need assistance
5) President George W. Bushʹs Presidentʹs Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) emphasizes
A) condom use.
B) vaccinations.
C) abstinence.
D) circumcision.
E) whatever tools AIDS prevention groups determine are most effective.
6) Many of the most effective lobbyists are
A) former members of Congress.
B) purveyors of false or misleading information.
C) current White House or Cabinet officers.
D) socially awkward.
E) uninformed about the issues for which they lobby.
7) Lobbyists tend to concentrate their efforts on
A) the judicial branch.
B) the president.
C) representatives who share their policy preferences.
D) representatives who do not share their policy preferences and therefore need to be
persuaded.
E) members of the House of Representatives who are not up for reelection for at least four
years.
8) Interest groups lobby the federal courts through
A) direct payments to judges and justices in exchange for favorable decisions.
B) contributions to judgesʹ and justicesʹ pensions.
C) contributions to judgesʹ and justicesʹ reelection committee.
D) sponsoring lawsuits and filing briefs.
E) All of the above.
9) Why did Antonin Scalia miss the swearing in of Chief Justice John Roberts?
A) Scalia was protesting Robertsʹ moderate policy preferences.
B) Scalia boycotted the event in protest for being passed over the Chief Justice nomination.
C) Scalia was in Colorado golfing and attending a legal conference paid for by the Federalist
Society.
D) One member of the Supreme Court must miss the swearing-in ceremony in case there is
a tragedy that takes the lives of the other justices.
E) Scalia was busy lobbying members of Congress to pass the ban on late-term abortions.
10) What is grassroots lobbying?
A) interest group activity aimed at getting citizens to contact their representatives
B) lobbying efforts aimed at those who can influence public officials, such as the major
contributors to their campaigns
C) lobbying efforts aimed at increasing agricultural subsidies
D) attempting to influence public policies by providing expensive gifts or junkets to
members of Congress
E) lobbying efforts aimed at maintaining the status quo
Wednesday, October 12, 2011
Tuesday, October 11, 2011
Chapter 16.2 Pages 585 to 592
1) Which of the following is a single-issue group?
A) MoveOn.org
B) AARP
C) U.S. Chamber of Commerce
D) National Rifle Association
E) NAACP
2) The right of citizens to form groups and to petition the government for changes in public
policies is protected by
A) the First Amendment.
B) the interest group clause.
C) the supremacy clause.
D) the interstate commerce clause.
E) the takings clause.
3) What did the Clayton Act do?
A) It allowed labor unions to form and guaranteed their right to strike.
B) It established open shop laws.
C) It granted vast swaths of land to the Central Pacific Railroad.
D) It allowed Standard Oil to drill on publicly owned land in Pennsylvania.
E) It required interest groups to share their membership lists with the government.
4) All of the following groups formed or reenergized during the 1960s or the 1970s EXCEPT
A) the American Civil Liberties Union.
B) the NAACP.
C) the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund.
D) Common Cause.
E) the Christian Coalition.
5) During the 1960s and 1970s, what kinds of interest groups were most successful?
A) public interest and civil rights groups
B) conservative and Republican interest groups
C) religious and social conservative interest groups
D) gay and lesbian interest groups
E) faith-based and community imitative groups
6) Which new interest group helped elect Ronald Reagan?
A) Focus on the Family
B) the Moral Majority
C) Unsafe at Any Speed
D) Onward Christian Soldiers
E) Public Citizen, Inc.
7) Which of the following interest groups was the most instrumental in electing Republican
members of Congress in 1994 and in electing George W. Bush?
A) the National Electric Light Association
B) the 700 Club
C) the Christian Coalition
D) Common Cause
E) the National Association of Manufacturers
8) Who founded the Christian Coalition?
A) Ted Haggard
B) Jerry Falwell
C) Pat Robertson
D) James Dobson
E) Jimmy Swaggart
9) What is a voter guide?
A) instructions on how to use voting technology distributed by local election boards
B) summaries of candidatesʹ issue positions distributed by interest groups
C) lists of candidates officially endorsed by interest groups
D) descriptions of the job experiences of candidates distributed by public interest groups
E) calendars distributed by interest groups that contain the dates of upcoming elections
10) Which interest group has been successful under the George W. Bush administration and has
been described as ʺa fraternity of powerful and prestigious business leaders that tells
ʹbusinessʹs side of the storyʹ to legislators, bureaucrats, White House personnel, and other
interested public officials.ʺ
A) A Rising Tide Lifts All Boats
B) the Council for Economic Growth
C) the National Association of Manufacturers
D) the Chamber of Commerce
E) the Business Roundtable
A) MoveOn.org
B) AARP
C) U.S. Chamber of Commerce
D) National Rifle Association
E) NAACP
2) The right of citizens to form groups and to petition the government for changes in public
policies is protected by
A) the First Amendment.
B) the interest group clause.
C) the supremacy clause.
D) the interstate commerce clause.
E) the takings clause.
3) What did the Clayton Act do?
A) It allowed labor unions to form and guaranteed their right to strike.
B) It established open shop laws.
C) It granted vast swaths of land to the Central Pacific Railroad.
D) It allowed Standard Oil to drill on publicly owned land in Pennsylvania.
E) It required interest groups to share their membership lists with the government.
4) All of the following groups formed or reenergized during the 1960s or the 1970s EXCEPT
A) the American Civil Liberties Union.
B) the NAACP.
C) the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund.
D) Common Cause.
E) the Christian Coalition.
5) During the 1960s and 1970s, what kinds of interest groups were most successful?
A) public interest and civil rights groups
B) conservative and Republican interest groups
C) religious and social conservative interest groups
D) gay and lesbian interest groups
E) faith-based and community imitative groups
6) Which new interest group helped elect Ronald Reagan?
A) Focus on the Family
B) the Moral Majority
C) Unsafe at Any Speed
D) Onward Christian Soldiers
E) Public Citizen, Inc.
7) Which of the following interest groups was the most instrumental in electing Republican
members of Congress in 1994 and in electing George W. Bush?
A) the National Electric Light Association
B) the 700 Club
C) the Christian Coalition
D) Common Cause
E) the National Association of Manufacturers
8) Who founded the Christian Coalition?
A) Ted Haggard
B) Jerry Falwell
C) Pat Robertson
D) James Dobson
E) Jimmy Swaggart
9) What is a voter guide?
A) instructions on how to use voting technology distributed by local election boards
B) summaries of candidatesʹ issue positions distributed by interest groups
C) lists of candidates officially endorsed by interest groups
D) descriptions of the job experiences of candidates distributed by public interest groups
E) calendars distributed by interest groups that contain the dates of upcoming elections
10) Which interest group has been successful under the George W. Bush administration and has
been described as ʺa fraternity of powerful and prestigious business leaders that tells
ʹbusinessʹs side of the storyʹ to legislators, bureaucrats, White House personnel, and other
interested public officials.ʺ
A) A Rising Tide Lifts All Boats
B) the Council for Economic Growth
C) the National Association of Manufacturers
D) the Chamber of Commerce
E) the Business Roundtable
Monday, October 10, 2011
2003 Federalism FRQ-Model Student Response
The federal and state governments in American rely on more than just the governor or the president to perform their executive duties. Millions of employees work in America to perform the duties of government has to fulfill. From the public school teacher to the state psychiatrist from the prison guard to the FBI agent men and women are placed under the government budget.
Since 1945, two trends have appeared. The first is that the number of state and local employees has increased steadily at a rate of approximately half a million a year. The second is that the number of federal government employees has not increased, but instead remained rather constant. If anything, the number of federal employees has decreased. Though it is true under the Clinton administration the trend in state and local employee numbers was reversed, the state and local employees are still much more numerous now than they were 55 years ago. Since 1945, state and local and federal employees were approximately equal in number. What this trend means is that state and local employees now outnumber federal employees at a rate approximately equal to three to one.
This intense increase in state and local employees has occurred because the federal government in this period began imposing more federal mandates. These are things that the federal government requires the state or local governments to do without giving them funds with which to do it. This meant more state and local employees had to be hired to perform the service necessary to fulfill the mandate. Block grants also increased during this period. These are grants given to the state governments by the federal government with few strings attached. With this money the state could also hire more employees.
The trends in the employment in our government exist not because our federal government is not doing anything, but instead because it is delegating responsibilities to the lower governments. The government now has more things it does than ever before and it is because of this one sees such as rise in state employees.
Since 1945, two trends have appeared. The first is that the number of state and local employees has increased steadily at a rate of approximately half a million a year. The second is that the number of federal government employees has not increased, but instead remained rather constant. If anything, the number of federal employees has decreased. Though it is true under the Clinton administration the trend in state and local employee numbers was reversed, the state and local employees are still much more numerous now than they were 55 years ago. Since 1945, state and local and federal employees were approximately equal in number. What this trend means is that state and local employees now outnumber federal employees at a rate approximately equal to three to one.
This intense increase in state and local employees has occurred because the federal government in this period began imposing more federal mandates. These are things that the federal government requires the state or local governments to do without giving them funds with which to do it. This meant more state and local employees had to be hired to perform the service necessary to fulfill the mandate. Block grants also increased during this period. These are grants given to the state governments by the federal government with few strings attached. With this money the state could also hire more employees.
The trends in the employment in our government exist not because our federal government is not doing anything, but instead because it is delegating responsibilities to the lower governments. The government now has more things it does than ever before and it is because of this one sees such as rise in state employees.
Chapter 16.1 Pages 582 to 585
1) Who was the D.C. lobbyist who pled guiltily to conspiracy, fraud, and tax evasion in 2006?
A) Tom DeLay
B) Robert Ney
C) Conrad Burns
D) Jack Abramoff
E) Robert Putnam
2) After paying for a lobbyist, Treasure Island, Florida received a $50 million appropriation in the
federal budget. This is called
A) casework.
B) logrolling.
C) constituency service.
D) an earmark.
E) a frank.
3) Involvement in community groups and activities
A) enhances social capital.
B) fosters self-reliance.
C) hinders resolution of collective action problems.
D) enhances the Protestant work ethic.
E) hinders economic and political development.
4) To which of the following groups are contemporary citizens most likely to belong?
A) bowling leagues
B) Elks Club
C) League of Women Voters
D) Lions Club
E) community associations
5) According to disturbance theory, why do interest groups form?
A) to serve the public good
B) to promote the well being of civil servants
C) to counteract the effects of other groups
D) to bother government
E) to bolster the economy
6) What kind of interest group focuses its attention on achieving collective goods?
A) public interest groups
B) economic interest groups
C) trade association groups
D) governmental units
E) political action committees
7) Common Cause, peace groups, environmental organizations, and other such groups are
examples of ________ interest groups.
A) social capital
B) civic virtue
C) public
D) economic
E) libertarian
8) A labor union is an example of a
A) public interest group.
B) economic interest group.
C) trade association group.
D) governmental unit.
E) political action committee.
9) Governmental units typically lobby for
A) political action committees.
B) trade associations.
C) foreign aid.
D) PETA.
E) earmarks.
10) Corporations can contribute money to political campaigns by forming
A) EIDs.
B) PACs.
C) 528 groups.
D) subsidiaries.
E) caucuses.
A) Tom DeLay
B) Robert Ney
C) Conrad Burns
D) Jack Abramoff
E) Robert Putnam
2) After paying for a lobbyist, Treasure Island, Florida received a $50 million appropriation in the
federal budget. This is called
A) casework.
B) logrolling.
C) constituency service.
D) an earmark.
E) a frank.
3) Involvement in community groups and activities
A) enhances social capital.
B) fosters self-reliance.
C) hinders resolution of collective action problems.
D) enhances the Protestant work ethic.
E) hinders economic and political development.
4) To which of the following groups are contemporary citizens most likely to belong?
A) bowling leagues
B) Elks Club
C) League of Women Voters
D) Lions Club
E) community associations
5) According to disturbance theory, why do interest groups form?
A) to serve the public good
B) to promote the well being of civil servants
C) to counteract the effects of other groups
D) to bother government
E) to bolster the economy
6) What kind of interest group focuses its attention on achieving collective goods?
A) public interest groups
B) economic interest groups
C) trade association groups
D) governmental units
E) political action committees
7) Common Cause, peace groups, environmental organizations, and other such groups are
examples of ________ interest groups.
A) social capital
B) civic virtue
C) public
D) economic
E) libertarian
8) A labor union is an example of a
A) public interest group.
B) economic interest group.
C) trade association group.
D) governmental unit.
E) political action committee.
9) Governmental units typically lobby for
A) political action committees.
B) trade associations.
C) foreign aid.
D) PETA.
E) earmarks.
10) Corporations can contribute money to political campaigns by forming
A) EIDs.
B) PACs.
C) 528 groups.
D) subsidiaries.
E) caucuses.
Wednesday, October 5, 2011
2007 FRQ on Federalism
The framers of the United States Constitution created a federal system.
(a) Define federalism.
(b) Select two of the following and explain how each has been used to increase the power of the federal government relative to the states.
• Categorical grants
• Federal mandates
• Selective incorporation
(c) Select two of the following and explain how each has been used to increase the power of the states relative to the federal government.
• Welfare Reform Act of 1996
• Block grants
• Tenth Amendment
2007 FRQ on Federalism
A1. Federalism is defined as the Constitutional division between national and state government in the United States. Each level of government is protected by its own constitution.
B1. Categorical grants have been used to increase the power of the federal government relative to the states. This is accomplished by the federal government providing grants to states for specific purposes often in exchange for “strings attached.” Often federal categorical grants for highway funds have included provisions such as states adapting a universal standard for their drivers being legally drunk (.08). If states refuse to comply with an order, then the federal funding can be revoked.
B2. Federal mandates have been used to increase the power of the federal government relative to the states. Unfunded mandates are laws that the federal government establishes for the country that are not subsidized. The Americans with Disabilities Act is an unfunded federal mandate for which all states must be in compliance. States must follow the law (by providing accommodations for disabled persons) or risk legal action. The federal government when passing the law did not provide any money for states to make the necessary legal adoptions.
C1. Block grants have been used to increase the power of the state government relative to the federal government. Block grants were a part of the “devolution revolution” that Republicans hoped to accomplish in the early 1980’s. Block grants are chunks of money given to states by the federal government with few or no strings attached. The states are given wide discretion on how they can use the money.
C2. The Tenth Amendment has been used to increase the power of the state government relative to the federal government. This amendment states that all powers not provided in the Constitution for the national government are “reserved” for the states respectively. The Tenth Amendment has been invoked as a States’ Rights constitutional protection. Many innovations created at the state level are protected under the Tenth Amendment. Gambling in Nevada is an example. Nevada created this revenue raising innovation that other states have adopted.
(a) Define federalism.
(b) Select two of the following and explain how each has been used to increase the power of the federal government relative to the states.
• Categorical grants
• Federal mandates
• Selective incorporation
(c) Select two of the following and explain how each has been used to increase the power of the states relative to the federal government.
• Welfare Reform Act of 1996
• Block grants
• Tenth Amendment
2007 FRQ on Federalism
A1. Federalism is defined as the Constitutional division between national and state government in the United States. Each level of government is protected by its own constitution.
B1. Categorical grants have been used to increase the power of the federal government relative to the states. This is accomplished by the federal government providing grants to states for specific purposes often in exchange for “strings attached.” Often federal categorical grants for highway funds have included provisions such as states adapting a universal standard for their drivers being legally drunk (.08). If states refuse to comply with an order, then the federal funding can be revoked.
B2. Federal mandates have been used to increase the power of the federal government relative to the states. Unfunded mandates are laws that the federal government establishes for the country that are not subsidized. The Americans with Disabilities Act is an unfunded federal mandate for which all states must be in compliance. States must follow the law (by providing accommodations for disabled persons) or risk legal action. The federal government when passing the law did not provide any money for states to make the necessary legal adoptions.
C1. Block grants have been used to increase the power of the state government relative to the federal government. Block grants were a part of the “devolution revolution” that Republicans hoped to accomplish in the early 1980’s. Block grants are chunks of money given to states by the federal government with few or no strings attached. The states are given wide discretion on how they can use the money.
C2. The Tenth Amendment has been used to increase the power of the state government relative to the federal government. This amendment states that all powers not provided in the Constitution for the national government are “reserved” for the states respectively. The Tenth Amendment has been invoked as a States’ Rights constitutional protection. Many innovations created at the state level are protected under the Tenth Amendment. Gambling in Nevada is an example. Nevada created this revenue raising innovation that other states have adopted.
Monday, October 3, 2011
Sunday, October 2, 2011
This Upcoming Week
Class,
By all indications, we will be having our Unit 2 exam this Friday. Additionally, you will have Constitutional Underpinning vocab quizzes on Tuesday and Wednesday in lieu of Sabato. Now is probably a good time to review your flashcards. The assignment packet which was on the board on Friday will also be coming due by this Thursday. So, before quarter grades, there will be quite a few entries that may have an impact on your current grade...
By all indications, we will be having our Unit 2 exam this Friday. Additionally, you will have Constitutional Underpinning vocab quizzes on Tuesday and Wednesday in lieu of Sabato. Now is probably a good time to review your flashcards. The assignment packet which was on the board on Friday will also be coming due by this Thursday. So, before quarter grades, there will be quite a few entries that may have an impact on your current grade...
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