1) The right of eighteen-year-olds to vote in all elections was firmly established by
A) Article I of the Constitution.
B) Article II of the Constitution.
C) the Bill of Rights.
D) the Twenty-Sixth Amendment.
E) an act of Congress.
2) Which of the following accurately describes constitutional amendments?
A) Amending the Constitution is easy.
B) Amending the Constitution is difficult.
C) Amending the Constitution is frequently successful.
D) Very few constitutional amendments have been proposed.
E) Very few constitutional amendments have been sent to the states for ratification.
3) Why did the British Parliament enact the Sugar Act of 1764, which taxed goods imported by the colonists such as sugar, wine, and coffee?
A) to punish the colonists for ʺtreacherous rebellions and insurrectionsʺ
B) to fund the Louisiana Purchase
C) to help pay for the French and Indian War
D) to discourage the use of ʺitems whose sinful nature compromises the sanctity of Her
Majestyʹs subjectsʺ
E) to provoke the colonists into rebellion
4) In 1765, American colonists were especially upset over
A) the Treaty of Paris.
B) the Stamp Act.
C) the Articles of Confederation.
D) the Magna Carta.
E) the Boston Tea Party.
5) A major complaint of the Sons of Liberty was
A) taxation without representation.
B) excessive immigration.
C) the selection of delegates to the Virginia House of Burgesses.
D) infrequent mail delivery from Britain.
E) the ineffectiveness of the Mayflower Compact.
6) How did Britain respond to the Boston Tea Party?
A) The king hosted his own British Tea Party in the English Channel.
B) The king ignored the incident and hoped the insurrection in the colonies would go away.
C) Parliament hired Indians to burn the property of Bostonʹs merchants.
D) Parliament enacted a law that blockaded Boston Harbor.
E) British soldiers were told disband the Sons of Liberty ʺby any means necessary, be they
legal or otherwise.ʺ
7) The First Continental Congress was most concerned about
A) the ongoing French and Indian War.
B) the extent of British authority over the colonies.
C) ensuring access to imported tea and sugar.
D) establishing a written Constitution for the newly united colonies.
E) punishing the Sons of Liberty for various illegal acts.
8) The First Continental Congress had delegates from
A) nine of the 13 colonies.
B) every colony except Georgia.
C) all 13 colonies.
D) all 13 colonies and the British Parliament.
E) all 13 colonies, the Indians, and the British Parliament.
9) Fighting in the American Revolution broke out in the battle at
A) Saratoga, New York.
B) Trenton, New Jersey.
C) Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts.
D) New York, New York.
E) Yorktown, Virginia.
10) In Common Sense, Thomas Paine argues
A) for independence from Great Britain.
B) in favor or mercantilism.
C) that Great Britain should use the might of the British military to keep the colonies in line.
D) in favor or quartering British soldiers.
E) for a colonial government with its capital in Washington.
Tuesday, September 20, 2011
Monday, September 19, 2011
Revised Sabato Pages 23 to 28.....MY BAD and thanks to Carlos Muros!!!
1) Social conservatives are most concerned about
A) human rights.
B) economic equality.
C) poverty.
D) moral decay.
E) making money.
2) Who most strongly believes that government should promote equality and provide social services?
A) liberals
B) moderates
C) populists
D) libertarians
E) conservatives
3) Who is most likely to favor government regulation of sexual and social behavior?
A) libertarians
B) Democrats
C) moderates
D) conservatives
E) social conservatives
4) Which of the following best describes American attitudes toward government?
A) adulation
B) trust
C) awe
D) cynicism
E) civic virtue
5) In recent decades, what has happened to the faith citizens place in American institutions, such
as Congress, the press, and industry?
A) It has increased.
B) It has increased and decreased in cyclical fashion.
C) It has remained fairly constant.
D) It has fluctuated randomly.
E) It has decreased.
6) What do the authors mean when they say that Americans have a .missing appreciation of the
good.?
A) Americans are less likely to respect politicians and other authority figures.
B) Voters tend to look at the glass as half full instead of as half empty.
C) The size of the American population has been increasing exponentially.
D) Good things often come in small packages.
E) Americans tend to overlook the significant improvements government has made in
Americans. lives.
7) Who is Tom DeLay?
A) the author of the Constitution
B) the leader of the religious right
C) the former House majority leader who resigned in the wake of political scandals
D) the president of Head Start
E) the architect behind Franklin Roosevelt.s New Deal
8) What was the most common reason citizens gave for NOT voting in 2004?
A) They did not like either candidate.
B) Polling places were open at inconvenient hours.
C) The weather was bad.
D) They did not know enough about the candidates.
E) They were too busy.
9) In the wake of the 9/11 terrorists attacks, Americans are more willing to accept
A) a lower standard of living.
B) terrorism.
C) social upheaval.
D) reduced civil liberties.
E) totalitarianism.
A) human rights.
B) economic equality.
C) poverty.
D) moral decay.
E) making money.
2) Who most strongly believes that government should promote equality and provide social services?
A) liberals
B) moderates
C) populists
D) libertarians
E) conservatives
3) Who is most likely to favor government regulation of sexual and social behavior?
A) libertarians
B) Democrats
C) moderates
D) conservatives
E) social conservatives
4) Which of the following best describes American attitudes toward government?
A) adulation
B) trust
C) awe
D) cynicism
E) civic virtue
5) In recent decades, what has happened to the faith citizens place in American institutions, such
as Congress, the press, and industry?
A) It has increased.
B) It has increased and decreased in cyclical fashion.
C) It has remained fairly constant.
D) It has fluctuated randomly.
E) It has decreased.
6) What do the authors mean when they say that Americans have a .missing appreciation of the
good.?
A) Americans are less likely to respect politicians and other authority figures.
B) Voters tend to look at the glass as half full instead of as half empty.
C) The size of the American population has been increasing exponentially.
D) Good things often come in small packages.
E) Americans tend to overlook the significant improvements government has made in
Americans. lives.
7) Who is Tom DeLay?
A) the author of the Constitution
B) the leader of the religious right
C) the former House majority leader who resigned in the wake of political scandals
D) the president of Head Start
E) the architect behind Franklin Roosevelt.s New Deal
8) What was the most common reason citizens gave for NOT voting in 2004?
A) They did not like either candidate.
B) Polling places were open at inconvenient hours.
C) The weather was bad.
D) They did not know enough about the candidates.
E) They were too busy.
9) In the wake of the 9/11 terrorists attacks, Americans are more willing to accept
A) a lower standard of living.
B) terrorism.
C) social upheaval.
D) reduced civil liberties.
E) totalitarianism.
Sabato Chapter 14.3 Pages 521-530
1) In the weeks before the 2004 presidential debates,
A) the Bush campaign played up his debating skills while playing down Kerryʹs skills.
B) the Kerry campaign played up his debating skills while playing down Bushʹs skills.
C) the Bush and Kerry campaigns both played up their own debating skills.
D) the Bush and Kerry campaigns both played up their opponentʹs debating skills.
E) the Bush and Kerry campaigns both played down their opponentʹs debating skills.
2) What was the Supreme Courtʹs decision in McConnell v. Federal Election Commission?
A) The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act was unconstitutional.
B) Preventing political corruption overrides the partiesʹ free speech rights.
C) Congress can not restrict political contributions.
D) Public financing of political campaigns is unconstitutional.
E) McConnell lacked standing to sue and the case was sent back to the district court.
3) Which of the following is a provision of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act?
A) All campaigns must accept matching funds.
B) Congressional campaigns will be publicly funded.
C) A prohibition on soft money.
D) Supporters can no longer give money to a candidateʹs campaign committees; all money
must be given directly to candidates.
E) Citizens can give no more than $500 to a single candidate and no more than $2000 to any
candidate in a given election cycle.
4) Which of the following is least important for holding free and fair elections?
A) freedom of speech
B) a lengthy campaign season
C) freedom of assembly
D) a lack of government coercion over the process
E) secret ballots
5) Who can establish political action committees?
A) interest groups
B) candidates
C) foreign citizens
D) political parties
E) government entities
6) How does the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act affect political action committees?
A) PACs are prohibited from giving money to incumbents.
B) PACs are prohibited from giving money to challengers.
C) PACs must use corporate or union contributions for electioneering communications only.
D) PACs must use corporate or union contributions for administrative costs only.
E) PACS are prohibited from giving candidates money within 90 days of an upcoming
election.
7) Who establishes leadership PACs?
A) labor unions
B) corporations
C) members of Congress
D) trade associations
E) CEOs
8) Who can contribute unlimited amounts of money to a candidateʹs campaign?
A) individual citizens
B) 527 groups
C) corporate PACs
D) leadership PACs
E) Candidates can contribute unlimited amounts of money to their own campaigns.
9) How does public financing work in the general election?
A) Congressional candidates receive $75 million in public financing if they agree not to
spend any additional money.
B) Presidential candidates receive $75 million in public financing if they agree not to spend
any additional money.
C) Congressional candidates receive $1 in public financing for every $1 they raise from
individual contributions.
D) Presidential candidates receive $1 in public financing for every $1 they raise from
individual contributions.
E) Presidential and congressional candidates share whatever money is available in the
Election Campaign Fund.
10) Which of the following groups thinks that regulations on campaign contributions are a good
thing?
A) National Rifle Association
B) American Civil Liberties Union
C) Common Cause
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.
A) the Bush campaign played up his debating skills while playing down Kerryʹs skills.
B) the Kerry campaign played up his debating skills while playing down Bushʹs skills.
C) the Bush and Kerry campaigns both played up their own debating skills.
D) the Bush and Kerry campaigns both played up their opponentʹs debating skills.
E) the Bush and Kerry campaigns both played down their opponentʹs debating skills.
2) What was the Supreme Courtʹs decision in McConnell v. Federal Election Commission?
A) The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act was unconstitutional.
B) Preventing political corruption overrides the partiesʹ free speech rights.
C) Congress can not restrict political contributions.
D) Public financing of political campaigns is unconstitutional.
E) McConnell lacked standing to sue and the case was sent back to the district court.
3) Which of the following is a provision of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act?
A) All campaigns must accept matching funds.
B) Congressional campaigns will be publicly funded.
C) A prohibition on soft money.
D) Supporters can no longer give money to a candidateʹs campaign committees; all money
must be given directly to candidates.
E) Citizens can give no more than $500 to a single candidate and no more than $2000 to any
candidate in a given election cycle.
4) Which of the following is least important for holding free and fair elections?
A) freedom of speech
B) a lengthy campaign season
C) freedom of assembly
D) a lack of government coercion over the process
E) secret ballots
5) Who can establish political action committees?
A) interest groups
B) candidates
C) foreign citizens
D) political parties
E) government entities
6) How does the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act affect political action committees?
A) PACs are prohibited from giving money to incumbents.
B) PACs are prohibited from giving money to challengers.
C) PACs must use corporate or union contributions for electioneering communications only.
D) PACs must use corporate or union contributions for administrative costs only.
E) PACS are prohibited from giving candidates money within 90 days of an upcoming
election.
7) Who establishes leadership PACs?
A) labor unions
B) corporations
C) members of Congress
D) trade associations
E) CEOs
8) Who can contribute unlimited amounts of money to a candidateʹs campaign?
A) individual citizens
B) 527 groups
C) corporate PACs
D) leadership PACs
E) Candidates can contribute unlimited amounts of money to their own campaigns.
9) How does public financing work in the general election?
A) Congressional candidates receive $75 million in public financing if they agree not to
spend any additional money.
B) Presidential candidates receive $75 million in public financing if they agree not to spend
any additional money.
C) Congressional candidates receive $1 in public financing for every $1 they raise from
individual contributions.
D) Presidential candidates receive $1 in public financing for every $1 they raise from
individual contributions.
E) Presidential and congressional candidates share whatever money is available in the
Election Campaign Fund.
10) Which of the following groups thinks that regulations on campaign contributions are a good
thing?
A) National Rifle Association
B) American Civil Liberties Union
C) Common Cause
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.
Thursday, September 15, 2011
AOC FRQ-My Response
AOC FRQ
A1. One problem of decentralized power that existed under the Articles of
Confederation concerned taxation. No national system existed for tax collection which could have been used for a number of services including paying a national military to protect the new nation from French and English pirating. One solution that the Constitution provided to address taxation was laid out in Article I which provided congress with the power to collect state revenue in the form of taxes.
A2. Another problem of decentralized power that existed under the Articles of
Confederation concerned the absense of a national judiciary. A number of legal disputes emerged between states which lacked a national form of arbitration. One solution that the Constitution provided to the lack of judicial authority included the creation of the judicial branch under Article III of the Constitution which would among other things, provide legal authority to the national government to resolved disputes among the states.
A3. Yet another problem of decentralized power that existed under the Articles of
Confederation was the absense of a national currency. Under the Articles of Confederation, no guidance was given states related to currency. Consequently, each state printed their own money which created significant problems including hyperinflation within states as well as trade disputes between states.
One solution that the Constitution provided to address the problem was the authority given to Congress to coin money as well as the new prohibition on states from continuing to print their own currency. As the result, a new national currency was created which solved a number of economic problems througout the colonies.
B1. Tensions between decentralized and centralized power do continue to exist.
Environmental Policy continues to illustrate this tension. The federal government has for over 30 years implemented clean air standards using the Environmental Protection Agency as its enforcement agency. Many states have been told to clean up their air to acceptable national standards or potentially face sanctions from the federal government. In some cases, the threat of a cutoff of federal highway funds has been used as a means to get states to comply with federal clean air standards. While there has been substantial improvement in air standards over the past 30 years, tensions have continued to boil over between states and the federal government over air quality issues. With a current nationalwide economic recession, many states citing financial concerns have recently balked at certain government mandates related to clean air demonstrating that tensions between decentralized and centralized power do continue to exist.
A1. One problem of decentralized power that existed under the Articles of
Confederation concerned taxation. No national system existed for tax collection which could have been used for a number of services including paying a national military to protect the new nation from French and English pirating. One solution that the Constitution provided to address taxation was laid out in Article I which provided congress with the power to collect state revenue in the form of taxes.
A2. Another problem of decentralized power that existed under the Articles of
Confederation concerned the absense of a national judiciary. A number of legal disputes emerged between states which lacked a national form of arbitration. One solution that the Constitution provided to the lack of judicial authority included the creation of the judicial branch under Article III of the Constitution which would among other things, provide legal authority to the national government to resolved disputes among the states.
A3. Yet another problem of decentralized power that existed under the Articles of
Confederation was the absense of a national currency. Under the Articles of Confederation, no guidance was given states related to currency. Consequently, each state printed their own money which created significant problems including hyperinflation within states as well as trade disputes between states.
One solution that the Constitution provided to address the problem was the authority given to Congress to coin money as well as the new prohibition on states from continuing to print their own currency. As the result, a new national currency was created which solved a number of economic problems througout the colonies.
B1. Tensions between decentralized and centralized power do continue to exist.
Environmental Policy continues to illustrate this tension. The federal government has for over 30 years implemented clean air standards using the Environmental Protection Agency as its enforcement agency. Many states have been told to clean up their air to acceptable national standards or potentially face sanctions from the federal government. In some cases, the threat of a cutoff of federal highway funds has been used as a means to get states to comply with federal clean air standards. While there has been substantial improvement in air standards over the past 30 years, tensions have continued to boil over between states and the federal government over air quality issues. With a current nationalwide economic recession, many states citing financial concerns have recently balked at certain government mandates related to clean air demonstrating that tensions between decentralized and centralized power do continue to exist.
No Sabato Tonight...Just the FRQ
Class: Here is the setup for tonight’s FRQ. Please attempt to complete the FRQ on your own and then stay tuned later on this evening for my response….
1. The Constitution was an attempt to address problems of decentralization that were experienced under the Articles of Confederation.
(a) List three problems of decentralized power that existed under the Articles of Confederation. For each problem you listed, identify one solution that the Constitution provided to address the problem.
(b)Some have argued that the tensions between decentralized and centralized power continue to exist. Support this argument by explaining how one of the following illustrates the continuing tension:
•Environmental policy
•Gun control
•Disability access
AOC FRQ
A1. One problem of decentralized power that existed under the Articles of
Confederation was…..
One solution that the Constitution provided to address the problem was….
A2. Another problem of decentralized power that existed under the Articles of
Confederation was…..
One solution that the Constitution provided to address the problem was….
A3. Yet another problem of decentralized power that existed under the Articles of
Confederation was…..
One solution that the Constitution provided to address the problem was….
B1. Tensions between decentralized and centralized power do continue to exist.
Environmental Policy continues to illustrate this tension because…..
1. The Constitution was an attempt to address problems of decentralization that were experienced under the Articles of Confederation.
(a) List three problems of decentralized power that existed under the Articles of Confederation. For each problem you listed, identify one solution that the Constitution provided to address the problem.
(b)Some have argued that the tensions between decentralized and centralized power continue to exist. Support this argument by explaining how one of the following illustrates the continuing tension:
•Environmental policy
•Gun control
•Disability access
AOC FRQ
A1. One problem of decentralized power that existed under the Articles of
Confederation was…..
One solution that the Constitution provided to address the problem was….
A2. Another problem of decentralized power that existed under the Articles of
Confederation was…..
One solution that the Constitution provided to address the problem was….
A3. Yet another problem of decentralized power that existed under the Articles of
Confederation was…..
One solution that the Constitution provided to address the problem was….
B1. Tensions between decentralized and centralized power do continue to exist.
Environmental Policy continues to illustrate this tension because…..
Wednesday, September 14, 2011
Sabato 1.2 Pages 11-13
1) Direct democracy is distinguished by
A) representative government and the rule of law.
B) citizen decision making and majority rule.
C) power and influence.
D) political appointments and social engineering.
E) a social contract and republican government.
2) In an indirect democracy, public policies are determined by
A) consensus.
B) oligarchs.
C) religious figures.
D) representatives.
E) economic elites.
3) Which of the following is a contemporary example of direct democracy?
A) trial by jury
B) New England town meetings
C) congressional elections
D) political protests
E) the Electoral College
4) Personal liberty is most closely related to
A) freedom. B) equality. C) civility. D) fascism. E) suffrage.
5) American political culture emphasizes
A) collaboration.
B) agnosticism.
C) atheism.
D) political equality.
E) socialism.
6) The belief that authority in society ultimately rests with the people is known as
A) establishmentarianism.
B) natural rights.
C) common law.
D) popular sovereignty.
E) Hobbesian law.
7) The belief that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of nature
and can be understood by reason is called
A) ethical law.
B) contract law.
C) natural law.
D) Newtonʹs law.
E) civil law.
8) A civil society
A) is ʺnasty, brutish, and short.ʺ
B) is ruled by a leviathan.
C) encourages citizens to engage in policy debates.
D) is harmful to democracy.
E) hinders a frank exchange of ideas.
9) George W. Bush has argued that the United States
A) should guarantee social, political, and economic equality.
B) should spread democracy abroad.
C) would be better off under the rule of a benevolent dictator.
D) should reduce dependence on fossil fuels by reducing economic growth.
E) should return to its isolationist roots.
10) Americans are most likely to believe that
A) politicians can be trusted.
B) presidents should have strong religious beliefs.
C) illegal immigration benefits the American economy.
D) government should avoid moderate policies.
E) Social Security should be eliminated.
A) representative government and the rule of law.
B) citizen decision making and majority rule.
C) power and influence.
D) political appointments and social engineering.
E) a social contract and republican government.
2) In an indirect democracy, public policies are determined by
A) consensus.
B) oligarchs.
C) religious figures.
D) representatives.
E) economic elites.
3) Which of the following is a contemporary example of direct democracy?
A) trial by jury
B) New England town meetings
C) congressional elections
D) political protests
E) the Electoral College
4) Personal liberty is most closely related to
A) freedom. B) equality. C) civility. D) fascism. E) suffrage.
5) American political culture emphasizes
A) collaboration.
B) agnosticism.
C) atheism.
D) political equality.
E) socialism.
6) The belief that authority in society ultimately rests with the people is known as
A) establishmentarianism.
B) natural rights.
C) common law.
D) popular sovereignty.
E) Hobbesian law.
7) The belief that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of nature
and can be understood by reason is called
A) ethical law.
B) contract law.
C) natural law.
D) Newtonʹs law.
E) civil law.
8) A civil society
A) is ʺnasty, brutish, and short.ʺ
B) is ruled by a leviathan.
C) encourages citizens to engage in policy debates.
D) is harmful to democracy.
E) hinders a frank exchange of ideas.
9) George W. Bush has argued that the United States
A) should guarantee social, political, and economic equality.
B) should spread democracy abroad.
C) would be better off under the rule of a benevolent dictator.
D) should reduce dependence on fossil fuels by reducing economic growth.
E) should return to its isolationist roots.
10) Americans are most likely to believe that
A) politicians can be trusted.
B) presidents should have strong religious beliefs.
C) illegal immigration benefits the American economy.
D) government should avoid moderate policies.
E) Social Security should be eliminated.
Monday, September 12, 2011
1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions Pages 1-11
Class, this reading will be due for Tuesday's class....
1) The process by which policy decisions are made is known as
A) politics.
B) government.
C) the preamble.
D) multiculturalism.
E) Robertʹs rules.
2) How does the Constitution help ʺestablish justiceʺ?
A) The supremacy clause protects citizens from excessive government interference in
personal matters.
B) The Constitution guarantees judicial privacy.
C) The Constitution prohibits Congress from creating any court except for the Supreme
Court.
D) The Framers explicitly excluded voting rights for women, slaves, and landowners.
E) The Bill of Rights entitles accused citizens to a trial by jury.
3) Which of the following is NOT a function of government, as laid out in the Preamble to the
Constitution?
A) to secure the blessings of liberty
B) to provide for the common defense
C) to ensure domestic tranquility
D) to promote the general welfare
E) to ensure economic equality
4) Which of the following best describes Saddam Hussein?
A) He was an oligarch.
B) He was a patriarch.
C) He was a tyrant.
D) He was a democrat.
E) He was a monarch.
5) The Mayflower Compact was
A) a treaty the Pilgrims made with the Indians.
B) a social contract.
C) the first colony established by European immigrants.
D) an example of the divine right of kings.
E) the list of complaints against the Church of England that led to the expulsion of the
Pilgrims.
6) Enlightenment thinkers argued that
A) God did not grant kings authority to govern.
B) government is best that governs the least.
C) reason, science, and religious tolerance hindered popular sovereignty.
D) Isaac Newton was a heretic for spreading ʺmalicious, nefarious, and dangerous lies.ʺ
E) monarchies are the most civilized forms of government.
7) The social contract theory says that
A) citizens give their consent to be governed.
B) civil contracts can be enforced by the government.
C) every society determines its own set of laws and moral codes.
D) by virtue of their social position, some citizens are more valuable than others.
E) governments can not interfere with the free market.
8) According to Hobbes, humanʹs natural state is
A) bliss.
B) cooperation.
C) philanthropy.
D) generosity.
E) war.
9) Locke argued that a major responsibility of governments is to protect
A) elected officials.
B) human dignity.
C) economic equality.
D) private property.
E) the people from themselves.
10) The Declaration of Independence claims a right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
The phrase can be most directly attributed to the ideas of
A) Aristotle.
B) Machiavelli.
C) Newton.
D) Locke.
E) Hobbes.
1) The process by which policy decisions are made is known as
A) politics.
B) government.
C) the preamble.
D) multiculturalism.
E) Robertʹs rules.
2) How does the Constitution help ʺestablish justiceʺ?
A) The supremacy clause protects citizens from excessive government interference in
personal matters.
B) The Constitution guarantees judicial privacy.
C) The Constitution prohibits Congress from creating any court except for the Supreme
Court.
D) The Framers explicitly excluded voting rights for women, slaves, and landowners.
E) The Bill of Rights entitles accused citizens to a trial by jury.
3) Which of the following is NOT a function of government, as laid out in the Preamble to the
Constitution?
A) to secure the blessings of liberty
B) to provide for the common defense
C) to ensure domestic tranquility
D) to promote the general welfare
E) to ensure economic equality
4) Which of the following best describes Saddam Hussein?
A) He was an oligarch.
B) He was a patriarch.
C) He was a tyrant.
D) He was a democrat.
E) He was a monarch.
5) The Mayflower Compact was
A) a treaty the Pilgrims made with the Indians.
B) a social contract.
C) the first colony established by European immigrants.
D) an example of the divine right of kings.
E) the list of complaints against the Church of England that led to the expulsion of the
Pilgrims.
6) Enlightenment thinkers argued that
A) God did not grant kings authority to govern.
B) government is best that governs the least.
C) reason, science, and religious tolerance hindered popular sovereignty.
D) Isaac Newton was a heretic for spreading ʺmalicious, nefarious, and dangerous lies.ʺ
E) monarchies are the most civilized forms of government.
7) The social contract theory says that
A) citizens give their consent to be governed.
B) civil contracts can be enforced by the government.
C) every society determines its own set of laws and moral codes.
D) by virtue of their social position, some citizens are more valuable than others.
E) governments can not interfere with the free market.
8) According to Hobbes, humanʹs natural state is
A) bliss.
B) cooperation.
C) philanthropy.
D) generosity.
E) war.
9) Locke argued that a major responsibility of governments is to protect
A) elected officials.
B) human dignity.
C) economic equality.
D) private property.
E) the people from themselves.
10) The Declaration of Independence claims a right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
The phrase can be most directly attributed to the ideas of
A) Aristotle.
B) Machiavelli.
C) Newton.
D) Locke.
E) Hobbes.
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